Australian NEM Generators

2026 real AUD. Monetary values are CPI-adjusted to 2026 real Australian dollars. Greenfield capex uses AEMO benchmarks when plant-specific cost is unknown.

Capex total (greenfield)	$23.00M
Capex refurbishment	—
Capex / MW	$1,885,246
Capex / MWh storage	—
Fixed OPEX (annual)	$575.0k
Fixed OPEX / MW-yr	$47,131
Variable OPEX / MWh	$0.00
Fuel cost / GJ	$0.00
Heat rate GJ/MWh	—

Confidence: medium · Status: ai estimated · Capex basis: reported · AI checked 04 Jun 2026

Notes: Reported capex is for the whole Banimboola Power Station, not just the 2.2 MW unit. AGL and ESC sources identify Banimboola as a 12.2 MW hydro power station comprising two 5 MW units and one 2.2 MW unit; therefore capex per MW is calculated as AUD 23.0m / 12.2 MW. The user-supplied 2.2 MW appears to be the small unit capacity rather than total station/DUID capacity. Fixed O&M is not generator-specific; estimated as 2.5% of reported capex per year, a midpoint/default within published hydropower O&M percentage ranges, and should be reviewed. Variable O&M and fuel cost are assumed zero/marginal for dispatch modelling because hydropower O&M is typically treated as fixed and there is no combusted fuel. Heat rate and thermal efficiency are not applicable to hydro. Emissions intensity is direct operational Scope 1 combustion emissions, assumed 0 tCO2e/MWh; lifecycle emissions can be non-zero and site-specific, particularly for reservoirs. No Banimboola-specific major refurbishment or closure notice was found; AGL describes the station as operating since 2005. AGL page lists average annual output as 11 GWh, while older secondary references report 35 GWh; AGL owner data is preferred.

Sources

site_capacity_and_configuration — Hydroelectric Power Stations | About AGL (high)
duid_capacity_expected_closure — LE-4 - Brookfield Historical and Forecast Renewable Development (2013-2030) (Confidential Annexure) (medium)
capex_total_aud — $23m power station nearly up and running (medium)
capex_per_mw_aud — $23m power station nearly up and running (medium)
capex_scope — $23m power station nearly up and running (medium)
capex_year — Electricity Generation and Sale Licence – AGL Hydro Partnership (high)
fixed_opex_per_mw_year_aud — Pumped Hydro Cost Modelling Revision No: 1.0 (medium)
fixed_opex_annual_aud — Pumped Hydro Cost Modelling Revision No: 1.0 (medium)
variable_opex_per_mwh_aud — Pumped Hydro Cost Modelling Revision No: 1.0 (medium)
fuel_contract_notes — $23m power station nearly up and running (medium)

Last AI response

Raw extraction below is pre-escalation (nominal source-year values). Values saved to the profile and shown in the table above are adjusted to 2026 real AUD.

Model: gpt-5.5 · Reasoning: medium · Fetched 04 Jun 2026 08:10 · ID: resp_03014a34dbe596c9006a20a5c59f0c8197b087b6bc9f91f0cb

Parsed extraction JSON

{
    "generator_identity": {
        "site_name": "Banimboola",
        "duid": "BAPS",
        "owner": "AGL Hydro Partnership",
        "region": "VIC1",
        "technology_type": "Hydro - Dam",
        "fuel_type": "Hydro - Water"
    },
    "financial_profile": {
        "generator_type_normalised": "hydro",
        "capex_total_aud": 23000000,
        "capex_year": 2005,
        "capex_basis": "reported",
        "capex_per_mw_aud": 1885245.9016393442,
        "capex_per_mwh_aud": null,
        "fixed_opex_annual_aud": 575000,
        "fixed_opex_per_mw_year_aud": 47131.147540983606,
        "variable_opex_per_mwh_aud": 0,
        "fuel_cost_per_gj_aud": 0,
        "fuel_contract_notes": "No fuel purchase contract identified. Banimboola is a hydro station using water releases/flows associated with Dartmouth regulating pondage; AGL describes hydro generation as dam water released through turbines, and ABC reported Banimboola would operate through the irrigation season and at other times of year.",
        "heat_rate_gj_per_mwh": null,
        "efficiency_pct": null,
        "emissions_intensity_tco2_mwh": 0,
        "asset_life_years": 50,
        "discount_rate_pct": null,
        "source_confidence": "medium",
        "data_status": "partially_verified",
        "notes": "Reported capex is for the whole Banimboola Power Station, not just the 2.2 MW unit. AGL and ESC sources identify Banimboola as a 12.2 MW hydro power station comprising two 5 MW units and one 2.2 MW unit; therefore capex per MW is calculated as AUD 23.0m / 12.2 MW. The user-supplied 2.2 MW appears to be the small unit capacity rather than total station/DUID capacity. Fixed O&M is not generator-specific; estimated as 2.5% of reported capex per year, a midpoint/default within published hydropower O&M percentage ranges, and should be reviewed. Variable O&M and fuel cost are assumed zero/marginal for dispatch modelling because hydropower O&M is typically treated as fixed and there is no combusted fuel. Heat rate and thermal efficiency are not applicable to hydro. Emissions intensity is direct operational Scope 1 combustion emissions, assumed 0 tCO2e/MWh; lifecycle emissions can be non-zero and site-specific, particularly for reservoirs. No Banimboola-specific major refurbishment or closure notice was found; AGL describes the station as operating since 2005. AGL page lists average annual output as 11 GWh, while older secondary references report 35 GWh; AGL owner data is preferred."
    },
    "sources": [
        {
            "field_name": "site_capacity_configuration_online_year",
            "value_text": "Banimboola is a 12.2 MW power station, operating since 2005, downstream of Lake Banimboola/Dartmouth regulating pondage; incorporates three generating units comprising two 5 MW units and one 2.2 MW unit; General Electric horizontal s-type tubular turbines; connection via existing main Dartmouth Power Station.",
            "value_numeric": 12.2,
            "unit": "MW",
            "source_url": "https://www.agl.com.au/about-agl/operations/hydroelectric-power-stations?cidi=AGL%7CB1001990",
            "source_title": "Hydroelectric Power Stations",
            "publisher": "AGL",
            "published_date": null,
            "confidence": "high",
            "raw_excerpt": "Banimboola is a 12.2 MW power station, operating since 2005 and located downstream of the existing Lake Banimboola dam... incorporates three generating units comprising two 5 MW units and one 2.2 MW unit.",
            "ai_summary": "Owner source confirms Banimboola’s total station capacity, unit configuration, online/operating-since year, location and hydro turbine type."
        },
        {
            "field_name": "owner_licence_capacity",
            "value_text": "AGL Hydro Partnership licence includes Banimboola; ESC application lists Banimboola hydro power station under AGL Australia assets and nameplate capacity of 12.2 MW.",
            "value_numeric": 12.2,
            "unit": "MW",
            "source_url": "https://www.esc.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/AGL%20Australia%20Vic%20Hydro%20Assets%20Pty%20Limited%20-%20VIC%20generation%20licence%20application.pdf",
            "source_title": "AGLA Vic Hydro Assets Pty Limited – VIC generation licence application",
            "publisher": "Essential Services Commission Victoria / AGL",
            "published_date": "2022",
            "confidence": "high",
            "raw_excerpt": "Existing licence for Victorian hydroelectric generators... Licence holder – AGL Hydro Partnership... Banimboola power station... Type of generation Hydroelectric... Name plate capacity 12.2MW.",
            "ai_summary": "Regulatory filing corroborates the licence holder history, Banimboola as a hydroelectric generator, and 12.2 MW nameplate capacity."
        },
        {
            "field_name": "owner_licence_status",
            "value_text": "AGL HP1 Pty Limited, AGL HP2 Pty Limited and AGL HP3 Pty Limited, together known as the AGL Hydro Partnership; licence granted 18 December 1997 and last varied 26 October 2022; licensed facilities include Banimboola.",
            "value_numeric": null,
            "unit": null,
            "source_url": "https://esc.dhm.io/electricity-and-gas/licences-exemptions-and-trial-waivers/electricity-and-gas-licences/agl-hydro-partnership-electricity-generation-licence",
            "source_title": "AGL Hydro Partnership - Electricity Generation Licence",
            "publisher": "Essential Services Commission Victoria",
            "published_date": "2022-10-26",
            "confidence": "high",
            "raw_excerpt": "AGL HP1 Pty Limited, AGL HP2 Pty Limited and AGL HP3 Pty Limited, together, known as the AGL Hydro Partnership... Licenced for generation facilities in... Banimboola... This licence was last varied on 26 October 2022.",
            "ai_summary": "Confirms AGL Hydro Partnership licensing and Banimboola inclusion."
        },
        {
            "field_name": "capex_total_aud",
            "value_text": "Reported construction cost for Banimboola Power Station was AUD 23 million while commissioning tests were underway in November 2005.",
            "value_numeric": 23000000,
            "unit": "AUD",
            "source_url": "https://www.abc.net.au/news/2005-11-23/23m-power-station-nearly-up-and-running/746950",
            "source_title": "$23m power station nearly up and running",
            "publisher": "ABC News",
            "published_date": "2005-11-23",
            "confidence": "high",
            "raw_excerpt": "The $23 million Banimboola power station is undergoing commissioning tests this week. The hydro station was built after the regulating pondage below Dartmouth Dam was modified to improve the power output.",
            "ai_summary": "Primary news report provides the reported nominal project cost and construction/commissioning context in 2005."
        },
        {
            "field_name": "capex_year",
            "value_text": "Construction/commissioning context: Banimboola was undergoing commissioning tests on 23 November 2005 and expected to be fully operational within weeks; AGL says Banimboola has operated since 2005.",
            "value_numeric": 2005,
            "unit": "year",
            "source_url": "https://www.abc.net.au/news/2005-11-23/23m-power-station-nearly-up-and-running/746950",
            "source_title": "$23m power station nearly up and running",
            "publisher": "ABC News",
            "published_date": "2005-11-23",
            "confidence": "high",
            "raw_excerpt": "A new power station on the Mitta Mitta River in north-east Victoria is expected to be fully operational within weeks. The $23 million Banimboola power station is undergoing commissioning tests this week.",
            "ai_summary": "Supports assigning the reported capex to nominal 2005 dollars."
        },
        {
            "field_name": "capex_scope",
            "value_text": "Scope included a hydro station built after modifications to the regulating pondage below Dartmouth Dam to improve power output; capacity 12.2 MW.",
            "value_numeric": 12.2,
            "unit": "MW",
            "source_url": "https://www.abc.net.au/news/2005-11-23/23m-power-station-nearly-up-and-running/746950",
            "source_title": "$23m power station nearly up and running",
            "publisher": "ABC News",
            "published_date": "2005-11-23",
            "confidence": "high",
            "raw_excerpt": "The hydro station was built after the regulating pondage below Dartmouth Dam was modified to improve the power output... it's 12.2 megawatts... taking advantage of the incentives that are there for renewable energy.",
            "ai_summary": "Provides capex scope and capacity for the reported project."
        },
        {
            "field_name": "capex_per_mw_aud",
            "value_text": "Calculated from reported AUD 23.0 million station capex divided by AGL/ESC-confirmed 12.2 MW station capacity.",
            "value_numeric": 1885245.9016393442,
            "unit": "AUD/MW",
            "source_url": "https://www.abc.net.au/news/2005-11-23/23m-power-station-nearly-up-and-running/746950",
            "source_title": "$23m power station nearly up and running",
            "publisher": "ABC News",
            "published_date": "2005-11-23",
            "confidence": "medium",
            "raw_excerpt": "The $23 million Banimboola power station... it's 12.2 megawatts...",
            "ai_summary": "Derived unit capex: 23,000,000 / 12.2 = 1.885 million AUD/MW, nominal 2005."
        },
        {
            "field_name": "fixed_opex_annual_aud",
            "value_text": "Estimated fixed O&M using 2.5% of reported project capex per year; IRENA reports annual hydropower O&M costs are often quoted as a percentage of investment cost with typical values ranging from 1% to 4%.",
            "value_numeric": 575000,
            "unit": "AUD",
            "source_url": "https://www.irena.org/Digital-Report/Renewable-Power-Generation-Costs-in-2024",
            "source_title": "Renewable Power Generation Costs in 2024",
            "publisher": "International Renewable Energy Agency",
            "published_date": "2025",
            "confidence": "low",
            "raw_excerpt": "Annual O&M costs are often quoted as a percentage of the investment cost per kW per year, with typical values ranging from 1% to 4%.",
            "ai_summary": "No Banimboola-specific O&M found. A midpoint/default 2.5% of AUD 23.0m capex gives AUD 575,000/year for the station."
        },
        {
            "field_name": "fixed_opex_per_mw_year_aud",
            "value_text": "Estimated fixed O&M per MW-year using 2.5% of reported capex per year divided by 12.2 MW station capacity.",
            "value_numeric": 47131.147540983606,
            "unit": "AUD/MW-year",
            "source_url": "https://www.irena.org/Digital-Report/Renewable-Power-Generation-Costs-in-2024",
            "source_title": "Renewable Power Generation Costs in 2024",
            "publisher": "International Renewable Energy Agency",
            "published_date": "2025",
            "confidence": "low",
            "raw_excerpt": "Annual O&M costs are often quoted as a percentage of the investment cost per kW per year, with typical values ranging from 1% to 4%.",
            "ai_summary": "Default estimate only: AUD 575,000/year divided by 12.2 MW = AUD 47,131/MW-year."
        },
        {
            "field_name": "variable_opex_per_mwh_aud",
            "value_text": "Assumed variable O&M is 0 AUD/MWh for dispatch modelling; EIA notes that for hydro, solar, wind and battery cases all O&M costs are treated as fixed costs, and variable component is considered zero.",
            "value_numeric": 0,
            "unit": "AUD/MWh",
            "source_url": "https://www.eia.gov/analysis/studies/powerplants/capitalcost/pdf/capital_cost_aeo2020.pdf",
            "source_title": "Cost and Performance Characteristics of New Generating Technologies, Annual Energy Outlook 2020",
            "publisher": "U.S. Energy Information Administration",
            "published_date": "2020",
            "confidence": "low",
            "raw_excerpt": "For the hydro, solar, wind, and battery energy storage cases, all O&M costs are treated as fixed costs... the variable cost component is considered to be zero.",
            "ai_summary": "No Australian Banimboola-specific VOM was found; zero/marginal VOM is a generic hydro modelling assumption."
        },
        {
            "field_name": "fuel_cost_per_gj_aud",
            "value_text": "No purchased fuel; hydro power uses moving water released through turbines. Fuel cost treated as 0 AUD/GJ; ABC notes operation through irrigation season and other times.",
            "value_numeric": 0,
            "unit": "AUD/GJ",
            "source_url": "https://www.agl.com.au/about-agl/operations/hydroelectric-power-stations?cidi=AGL%7CB1001990",
            "source_title": "Hydroelectric Power Stations",
            "publisher": "AGL",
            "published_date": null,
            "confidence": "high",
            "raw_excerpt": "Hydro power uses the force of moving water to make electricity... water is stored in dams and then released to flow through turbines.",
            "ai_summary": "Owner explanation supports treating water as non-purchased fuel for fuel-cost purposes."
        },
        {
            "field_name": "fuel_contract_notes",
            "value_text": "Banimboola operates using water releases/flows from Dartmouth regulating pondage; no fuel contract identified.",
            "value_numeric": null,
            "unit": null,
            "source_url": "https://www.abc.net.au/news/2005-11-23/23m-power-station-nearly-up-and-running/746950",
            "source_title": "$23m power station nearly up and running",
            "publisher": "ABC News",
            "published_date": "2005-11-23",
            "confidence": "medium",
            "raw_excerpt": "The chief executive of Southern Hydro, Simon Maher, says the new station will operate throughout the irrigation season and at some other times of the year.",
            "ai_summary": "Operational water availability is linked to irrigation-season and other regulated releases rather than a fuel supply contract."
        },
        {
            "field_name": "heat_rate_gj_per_mwh",
            "value_text": "Not applicable to hydro-electric generation because there is no combustion fuel heat input; hydro converts potential/kinetic energy of water to electricity.",
            "value_numeric": null,
            "unit": "GJ/MWh",
            "source_url": "https://www.agl.com.au/about-agl/operations/hydroelectric-power-stations?cidi=AGL%7CB1001990",
            "source_title": "Hydroelectric Power Stations",
            "publisher": "AGL",
            "published_date": null,
            "confidence": "high",
            "raw_excerpt": "Hydro power uses the force of moving water to make electricity... As the water moves through, it spins the turbines, which are connected to generators that produce electricity.",
            "ai_summary": "Heat rate is a thermal-plant metric and is not applicable for Banimboola hydro."
        },
        {
            "field_name": "efficiency_pct",
            "value_text": "Thermal efficiency is not applicable to conventional hydro in the same sense as combustion generation; no Banimboola turbine-generator efficiency was found.",
            "value_numeric": null,
            "unit": "%",
            "source_url": "https://www.agl.com.au/about-agl/operations/hydroelectric-power-stations?cidi=AGL%7CB1001990",
            "source_title": "Hydroelectric Power Stations",
            "publisher": "AGL",
            "published_date": null,
            "confidence": "medium",
            "raw_excerpt": "Hydro power uses the force of moving water to make electricity... water is stored in dams and then released to flow through turbines.",
            "ai_summary": "No source-backed Banimboola unit efficiency was located; thermal efficiency is not applicable."
        },
        {
            "field_name": "emissions_intensity_tco2_mwh",
            "value_text": "Direct operational combustion emissions assumed 0 tCO2e/MWh for hydro; IPCC AR5 Annex III reports hydropower direct emissions as 0 gCO2/kWh, while lifecycle emissions have a wide range and median around 24 gCO2e/kWh.",
            "value_numeric": 0,
            "unit": "tCO2e/MWh",
            "source_url": "https://archive.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar5/wg3/drafts/fgd/ipcc_wg3_ar5_final-draft_fgd_annex-iii.pdf",
            "source_title": "IPCC AR5 WGIII Annex III: Technology-specific cost and performance parameters",
            "publisher": "Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change",
            "published_date": "2014",
            "confidence": "medium",
            "raw_excerpt": "Hydropower | Direct emissions 0 | Infrastructure & supply chain emissions 19 | Methane emissions 88 | Lifecycle emissions... 1.0 / 24 / 2200 gCO2eq/kWh.",
            "ai_summary": "Use 0 tCO2e/MWh as direct operating emissions; lifecycle emissions are not used in the financial dispatch field because reservoir emissions are site-specific."
        },
        {
            "field_name": "asset_life_years",
            "value_text": "Default/proxy hydro technical life set to 50 years; AEMO/GHD pumped-hydro parameter review lists technical life 50 years and notes civil works can be designed for 200 years, with half-life refurbishment contemplated around 100,000 operating hours.",
            "value_numeric": 50,
            "unit": "years",
            "source_url": "https://aemo.com.au/-/media/Files/Electricity/NEM/Planning_and_Forecasting/Inputs-Assumptions-Methodologies/2019/9110715-REP-A-Cost-and-Technical-Parameter-Review---Rev-4-Final.pdf",
            "source_title": "AEMO costs and technical parameter review",
            "publisher": "GHD for AEMO",
            "published_date": "2018-09-27",
            "confidence": "low",
            "raw_excerpt": "Technical Life (yrs) 50... Typically half-life refurbishment would be contemplated at 100,000 h... Civil works are designed for 200 yrs life.",
            "ai_summary": "Not Banimboola-specific and for pumped hydro, but used as a hydro-technology proxy where exact station asset life is unavailable."
        },
        {
            "field_name": "major_refurbishment_or_closure_notes",
            "value_text": "No Banimboola-specific refurbishment or closure notice found. AGL lists Banimboola as operating since 2005. AGL separately describes major upgrades at Clover, but not Banimboola; Cairn Curran is the AGL hydro station identified for decommissioning works, not Banimboola.",
            "value_numeric": null,
            "unit": null,
            "source_url": "https://www.agl.com.au/about-agl/operations/hydroelectric-power-stations?cidi=AGL%7CB1001990",
            "source_title": "Hydroelectric Power Stations",
            "publisher": "AGL",
            "published_date": null,
            "confidence": "medium",
            "raw_excerpt": "Banimboola is a 12.2 MW power station, operating since 2005... We have commenced decommissioning works at the Cairn Curran Scheme... AGL progresses upgrade at Clover Power Station.",
            "ai_summary": "Owner page indicates Banimboola remains operating; refurbishment/closure items found on the page apply to other AGL hydro assets, not Banimboola."
        },
        {
            "field_name": "annual_output",
            "value_text": "AGL lists Banimboola average annual output as 11 GWh; this is owner data and preferred over older secondary figures.",
            "value_numeric": 11,
            "unit": "GWh",
            "source_url": "https://www.agl.com.au/about-agl/operations/hydroelectric-power-stations?cidi=AGL%7CB1001990",
            "source_title": "Hydroelectric Power Stations",
            "publisher": "AGL",
            "published_date": null,
            "confidence": "high",
            "raw_excerpt": "AGL's minor hydroelectric schemes... Banimboola Power Station (VIC) 12.2 MW 11 GWh.",
            "ai_summary": "Owner-published average annual output for context; not directly used to calculate O&M."
        }
    ],
    "warnings": [
        "The user supplied Capacity MW: 2.2, but AGL and ESC sources identify Banimboola Power Station as 12.2 MW with two 5 MW units and one 2.2 MW unit. DUID BAPS likely corresponds to the station, not only the 2.2 MW unit.",
        "Reported AUD 23 million capex is for the whole 12.2 MW Banimboola station/project in nominal 2005 dollars. It has not been escalated to current dollars.",
        "Generator-specific fixed O&M, variable O&M, asset life, and refurbishment data were not found in public sources; these fields use clearly marked technology-default/proxy assumptions.",
        "Hydro lifecycle emissions are site-specific and can include reservoir methane; emissions_intensity_tco2_mwh is set to direct operational combustion emissions only.",
        "No Banimboola-specific closure date or major refurbishment announcement was found in the searched public sources."
    ]
}

Full API payload (incl. web search)

{
    "meta": {
        "model": "gpt-5.5",
        "reasoning_effort": "medium",
        "response_id": "resp_03014a34dbe596c9006a20a5c59f0c8197b087b6bc9f91f0cb",
        "fetched_at": "2026-06-04T08:10:11+10:00"
    },
    "raw_text": "{\"generator_identity\":{\"site_name\":\"Banimboola\",\"duid\":\"BAPS\",\"owner\":\"AGL Hydro Partnership\",\"region\":\"VIC1\",\"technology_type\":\"Hydro - Dam\",\"fuel_type\":\"Hydro - Water\"},\"financial_profile\":{\"generator_type_normalised\":\"hydro\",\"capex_total_aud\":23000000,\"capex_year\":2005,\"capex_basis\":\"reported\",\"capex_per_mw_aud\":1885245.9016393442,\"capex_per_mwh_aud\":null,\"fixed_opex_annual_aud\":575000,\"fixed_opex_per_mw_year_aud\":47131.147540983606,\"variable_opex_per_mwh_aud\":0,\"fuel_cost_per_gj_aud\":0,\"fuel_contract_notes\":\"No fuel purchase contract identified. Banimboola is a hydro station using water releases/flows associated with Dartmouth regulating pondage; AGL describes hydro generation as dam water released through turbines, and ABC reported Banimboola would operate through the irrigation season and at other times of year.\",\"heat_rate_gj_per_mwh\":null,\"efficiency_pct\":null,\"emissions_intensity_tco2_mwh\":0,\"asset_life_years\":50,\"discount_rate_pct\":null,\"source_confidence\":\"medium\",\"data_status\":\"partially_verified\",\"notes\":\"Reported capex is for the whole Banimboola Power Station, not just the 2.2 MW unit. AGL and ESC sources identify Banimboola as a 12.2 MW hydro power station comprising two 5 MW units and one 2.2 MW unit; therefore capex per MW is calculated as AUD 23.0m / 12.2 MW. The user-supplied 2.2 MW appears to be the small unit capacity rather than total station/DUID capacity. Fixed O&M is not generator-specific; estimated as 2.5% of reported capex per year, a midpoint/default within published hydropower O&M percentage ranges, and should be reviewed. Variable O&M and fuel cost are assumed zero/marginal for dispatch modelling because hydropower O&M is typically treated as fixed and there is no combusted fuel. Heat rate and thermal efficiency are not applicable to hydro. Emissions intensity is direct operational Scope 1 combustion emissions, assumed 0 tCO2e/MWh; lifecycle emissions can be non-zero and site-specific, particularly for reservoirs. No Banimboola-specific major refurbishment or closure notice was found; AGL describes the station as operating since 2005. AGL page lists average annual output as 11 GWh, while older secondary references report 35 GWh; AGL owner data is preferred.\"},\"sources\":[{\"field_name\":\"site_capacity_configuration_online_year\",\"value_text\":\"Banimboola is a 12.2 MW power station, operating since 2005, downstream of Lake Banimboola/Dartmouth regulating pondage; incorporates three generating units comprising two 5 MW units and one 2.2 MW unit; General Electric horizontal s-type tubular turbines; connection via existing main Dartmouth Power Station.\",\"value_numeric\":12.2,\"unit\":\"MW\",\"source_url\":\"https://www.agl.com.au/about-agl/operations/hydroelectric-power-stations?cidi=AGL%7CB1001990\",\"source_title\":\"Hydroelectric Power Stations\",\"publisher\":\"AGL\",\"published_date\":null,\"confidence\":\"high\",\"raw_excerpt\":\"Banimboola is a 12.2 MW power station, operating since 2005 and located downstream of the existing Lake Banimboola dam... incorporates three generating units comprising two 5 MW units and one 2.2 MW unit.\",\"ai_summary\":\"Owner source confirms Banimboola’s total station capacity, unit configuration, online/operating-since year, location and hydro turbine type.\"},{\"field_name\":\"owner_licence_capacity\",\"value_text\":\"AGL Hydro Partnership licence includes Banimboola; ESC application lists Banimboola hydro power station under AGL Australia assets and nameplate capacity of 12.2 MW.\",\"value_numeric\":12.2,\"unit\":\"MW\",\"source_url\":\"https://www.esc.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/AGL%20Australia%20Vic%20Hydro%20Assets%20Pty%20Limited%20-%20VIC%20generation%20licence%20application.pdf\",\"source_title\":\"AGLA Vic Hydro Assets Pty Limited – VIC generation licence application\",\"publisher\":\"Essential Services Commission Victoria / AGL\",\"published_date\":\"2022\",\"confidence\":\"high\",\"raw_excerpt\":\"Existing licence for Victorian hydroelectric generators... Licence holder – AGL Hydro Partnership... Banimboola power station... Type of generation Hydroelectric... Name plate capacity 12.2MW.\",\"ai_summary\":\"Regulatory filing corroborates the licence holder history, Banimboola as a hydroelectric generator, and 12.2 MW nameplate capacity.\"},{\"field_name\":\"owner_licence_status\",\"value_text\":\"AGL HP1 Pty Limited, AGL HP2 Pty Limited and AGL HP3 Pty Limited, together known as the AGL Hydro Partnership; licence granted 18 December 1997 and last varied 26 October 2022; licensed facilities include Banimboola.\",\"value_numeric\":null,\"unit\":null,\"source_url\":\"https://esc.dhm.io/electricity-and-gas/licences-exemptions-and-trial-waivers/electricity-and-gas-licences/agl-hydro-partnership-electricity-generation-licence\",\"source_title\":\"AGL Hydro Partnership - Electricity Generation Licence\",\"publisher\":\"Essential Services Commission Victoria\",\"published_date\":\"2022-10-26\",\"confidence\":\"high\",\"raw_excerpt\":\"AGL HP1 Pty Limited, AGL HP2 Pty Limited and AGL HP3 Pty Limited, together, known as the AGL Hydro Partnership... Licenced for generation facilities in... Banimboola... This licence was last varied on 26 October 2022.\",\"ai_summary\":\"Confirms AGL Hydro Partnership licensing and Banimboola inclusion.\"},{\"field_name\":\"capex_total_aud\",\"value_text\":\"Reported construction cost for Banimboola Power Station was AUD 23 million while commissioning tests were underway in November 2005.\",\"value_numeric\":23000000,\"unit\":\"AUD\",\"source_url\":\"https://www.abc.net.au/news/2005-11-23/23m-power-station-nearly-up-and-running/746950\",\"source_title\":\"$23m power station nearly up and running\",\"publisher\":\"ABC News\",\"published_date\":\"2005-11-23\",\"confidence\":\"high\",\"raw_excerpt\":\"The $23 million Banimboola power station is undergoing commissioning tests this week. The hydro station was built after the regulating pondage below Dartmouth Dam was modified to improve the power output.\",\"ai_summary\":\"Primary news report provides the reported nominal project cost and construction/commissioning context in 2005.\"},{\"field_name\":\"capex_year\",\"value_text\":\"Construction/commissioning context: Banimboola was undergoing commissioning tests on 23 November 2005 and expected to be fully operational within weeks; AGL says Banimboola has operated since 2005.\",\"value_numeric\":2005,\"unit\":\"year\",\"source_url\":\"https://www.abc.net.au/news/2005-11-23/23m-power-station-nearly-up-and-running/746950\",\"source_title\":\"$23m power station nearly up and running\",\"publisher\":\"ABC News\",\"published_date\":\"2005-11-23\",\"confidence\":\"high\",\"raw_excerpt\":\"A new power station on the Mitta Mitta River in north-east Victoria is expected to be fully operational within weeks. The $23 million Banimboola power station is undergoing commissioning tests this week.\",\"ai_summary\":\"Supports assigning the reported capex to nominal 2005 dollars.\"},{\"field_name\":\"capex_scope\",\"value_text\":\"Scope included a hydro station built after modifications to the regulating pondage below Dartmouth Dam to improve power output; capacity 12.2 MW.\",\"value_numeric\":12.2,\"unit\":\"MW\",\"source_url\":\"https://www.abc.net.au/news/2005-11-23/23m-power-station-nearly-up-and-running/746950\",\"source_title\":\"$23m power station nearly up and running\",\"publisher\":\"ABC News\",\"published_date\":\"2005-11-23\",\"confidence\":\"high\",\"raw_excerpt\":\"The hydro station was built after the regulating pondage below Dartmouth Dam was modified to improve the power output... it's 12.2 megawatts... taking advantage of the incentives that are there for renewable energy.\",\"ai_summary\":\"Provides capex scope and capacity for the reported project.\"},{\"field_name\":\"capex_per_mw_aud\",\"value_text\":\"Calculated from reported AUD 23.0 million station capex divided by AGL/ESC-confirmed 12.2 MW station capacity.\",\"value_numeric\":1885245.9016393442,\"unit\":\"AUD/MW\",\"source_url\":\"https://www.abc.net.au/news/2005-11-23/23m-power-station-nearly-up-and-running/746950\",\"source_title\":\"$23m power station nearly up and running\",\"publisher\":\"ABC News\",\"published_date\":\"2005-11-23\",\"confidence\":\"medium\",\"raw_excerpt\":\"The $23 million Banimboola power station... it's 12.2 megawatts...\",\"ai_summary\":\"Derived unit capex: 23,000,000 / 12.2 = 1.885 million AUD/MW, nominal 2005.\"},{\"field_name\":\"fixed_opex_annual_aud\",\"value_text\":\"Estimated fixed O&M using 2.5% of reported project capex per year; IRENA reports annual hydropower O&M costs are often quoted as a percentage of investment cost with typical values ranging from 1% to 4%.\",\"value_numeric\":575000,\"unit\":\"AUD\",\"source_url\":\"https://www.irena.org/Digital-Report/Renewable-Power-Generation-Costs-in-2024\",\"source_title\":\"Renewable Power Generation Costs in 2024\",\"publisher\":\"International Renewable Energy Agency\",\"published_date\":\"2025\",\"confidence\":\"low\",\"raw_excerpt\":\"Annual O&M costs are often quoted as a percentage of the investment cost per kW per year, with typical values ranging from 1% to 4%.\",\"ai_summary\":\"No Banimboola-specific O&M found. A midpoint/default 2.5% of AUD 23.0m capex gives AUD 575,000/year for the station.\"},{\"field_name\":\"fixed_opex_per_mw_year_aud\",\"value_text\":\"Estimated fixed O&M per MW-year using 2.5% of reported capex per year divided by 12.2 MW station capacity.\",\"value_numeric\":47131.147540983606,\"unit\":\"AUD/MW-year\",\"source_url\":\"https://www.irena.org/Digital-Report/Renewable-Power-Generation-Costs-in-2024\",\"source_title\":\"Renewable Power Generation Costs in 2024\",\"publisher\":\"International Renewable Energy Agency\",\"published_date\":\"2025\",\"confidence\":\"low\",\"raw_excerpt\":\"Annual O&M costs are often quoted as a percentage of the investment cost per kW per year, with typical values ranging from 1% to 4%.\",\"ai_summary\":\"Default estimate only: AUD 575,000/year divided by 12.2 MW = AUD 47,131/MW-year.\"},{\"field_name\":\"variable_opex_per_mwh_aud\",\"value_text\":\"Assumed variable O&M is 0 AUD/MWh for dispatch modelling; EIA notes that for hydro, solar, wind and battery cases all O&M costs are treated as fixed costs, and variable component is considered zero.\",\"value_numeric\":0,\"unit\":\"AUD/MWh\",\"source_url\":\"https://www.eia.gov/analysis/studies/powerplants/capitalcost/pdf/capital_cost_aeo2020.pdf\",\"source_title\":\"Cost and Performance Characteristics of New Generating Technologies, Annual Energy Outlook 2020\",\"publisher\":\"U.S. Energy Information Administration\",\"published_date\":\"2020\",\"confidence\":\"low\",\"raw_excerpt\":\"For the hydro, solar, wind, and battery energy storage cases, all O&M costs are treated as fixed costs... the variable cost component is considered to be zero.\",\"ai_summary\":\"No Australian Banimboola-specific VOM was found; zero/marginal VOM is a generic hydro modelling assumption.\"},{\"field_name\":\"fuel_cost_per_gj_aud\",\"value_text\":\"No purchased fuel; hydro power uses moving water released through turbines. Fuel cost treated as 0 AUD/GJ; ABC notes operation through irrigation season and other times.\",\"value_numeric\":0,\"unit\":\"AUD/GJ\",\"source_url\":\"https://www.agl.com.au/about-agl/operations/hydroelectric-power-stations?cidi=AGL%7CB1001990\",\"source_title\":\"Hydroelectric Power Stations\",\"publisher\":\"AGL\",\"published_date\":null,\"confidence\":\"high\",\"raw_excerpt\":\"Hydro power uses the force of moving water to make electricity... water is stored in dams and then released to flow through turbines.\",\"ai_summary\":\"Owner explanation supports treating water as non-purchased fuel for fuel-cost purposes.\"},{\"field_name\":\"fuel_contract_notes\",\"value_text\":\"Banimboola operates using water releases/flows from Dartmouth regulating pondage; no fuel contract identified.\",\"value_numeric\":null,\"unit\":null,\"source_url\":\"https://www.abc.net.au/news/2005-11-23/23m-power-station-nearly-up-and-running/746950\",\"source_title\":\"$23m power station nearly up and running\",\"publisher\":\"ABC News\",\"published_date\":\"2005-11-23\",\"confidence\":\"medium\",\"raw_excerpt\":\"The chief executive of Southern Hydro, Simon Maher, says the new station will operate throughout the irrigation season and at some other times of the year.\",\"ai_summary\":\"Operational water availability is linked to irrigation-season and other regulated releases rather than a fuel supply contract.\"},{\"field_name\":\"heat_rate_gj_per_mwh\",\"value_text\":\"Not applicable to hydro-electric generation because there is no combustion fuel heat input; hydro converts potential/kinetic energy of water to electricity.\",\"value_numeric\":null,\"unit\":\"GJ/MWh\",\"source_url\":\"https://www.agl.com.au/about-agl/operations/hydroelectric-power-stations?cidi=AGL%7CB1001990\",\"source_title\":\"Hydroelectric Power Stations\",\"publisher\":\"AGL\",\"published_date\":null,\"confidence\":\"high\",\"raw_excerpt\":\"Hydro power uses the force of moving water to make electricity... As the water moves through, it spins the turbines, which are connected to generators that produce electricity.\",\"ai_summary\":\"Heat rate is a thermal-plant metric and is not applicable for Banimboola hydro.\"},{\"field_name\":\"efficiency_pct\",\"value_text\":\"Thermal efficiency is not applicable to conventional hydro in the same sense as combustion generation; no Banimboola turbine-generator efficiency was found.\",\"value_numeric\":null,\"unit\":\"%\",\"source_url\":\"https://www.agl.com.au/about-agl/operations/hydroelectric-power-stations?cidi=AGL%7CB1001990\",\"source_title\":\"Hydroelectric Power Stations\",\"publisher\":\"AGL\",\"published_date\":null,\"confidence\":\"medium\",\"raw_excerpt\":\"Hydro power uses the force of moving water to make electricity... water is stored in dams and then released to flow through turbines.\",\"ai_summary\":\"No source-backed Banimboola unit efficiency was located; thermal efficiency is not applicable.\"},{\"field_name\":\"emissions_intensity_tco2_mwh\",\"value_text\":\"Direct operational combustion emissions assumed 0 tCO2e/MWh for hydro; IPCC AR5 Annex III reports hydropower direct emissions as 0 gCO2/kWh, while lifecycle emissions have a wide range and median around 24 gCO2e/kWh.\",\"value_numeric\":0,\"unit\":\"tCO2e/MWh\",\"source_url\":\"https://archive.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar5/wg3/drafts/fgd/ipcc_wg3_ar5_final-draft_fgd_annex-iii.pdf\",\"source_title\":\"IPCC AR5 WGIII Annex III: Technology-specific cost and performance parameters\",\"publisher\":\"Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change\",\"published_date\":\"2014\",\"confidence\":\"medium\",\"raw_excerpt\":\"Hydropower | Direct emissions 0 | Infrastructure & supply chain emissions 19 | Methane emissions 88 | Lifecycle emissions... 1.0 / 24 / 2200 gCO2eq/kWh.\",\"ai_summary\":\"Use 0 tCO2e/MWh as direct operating emissions; lifecycle emissions are not used in the financial dispatch field because reservoir emissions are site-specific.\"},{\"field_name\":\"asset_life_years\",\"value_text\":\"Default/proxy hydro technical life set to 50 years; AEMO/GHD pumped-hydro parameter review lists technical life 50 years and notes civil works can be designed for 200 years, with half-life refurbishment contemplated around 100,000 operating hours.\",\"value_numeric\":50,\"unit\":\"years\",\"source_url\":\"https://aemo.com.au/-/media/Files/Electricity/NEM/Planning_and_Forecasting/Inputs-Assumptions-Methodologies/2019/9110715-REP-A-Cost-and-Technical-Parameter-Review---Rev-4-Final.pdf\",\"source_title\":\"AEMO costs and technical parameter review\",\"publisher\":\"GHD for AEMO\",\"published_date\":\"2018-09-27\",\"confidence\":\"low\",\"raw_excerpt\":\"Technical Life (yrs) 50... Typically half-life refurbishment would be contemplated at 100,000 h... Civil works are designed for 200 yrs life.\",\"ai_summary\":\"Not Banimboola-specific and for pumped hydro, but used as a hydro-technology proxy where exact station asset life is unavailable.\"},{\"field_name\":\"major_refurbishment_or_closure_notes\",\"value_text\":\"No Banimboola-specific refurbishment or closure notice found. AGL lists Banimboola as operating since 2005. AGL separately describes major upgrades at Clover, but not Banimboola; Cairn Curran is the AGL hydro station identified for decommissioning works, not Banimboola.\",\"value_numeric\":null,\"unit\":null,\"source_url\":\"https://www.agl.com.au/about-agl/operations/hydroelectric-power-stations?cidi=AGL%7CB1001990\",\"source_title\":\"Hydroelectric Power Stations\",\"publisher\":\"AGL\",\"published_date\":null,\"confidence\":\"medium\",\"raw_excerpt\":\"Banimboola is a 12.2 MW power station, operating since 2005... We have commenced decommissioning works at the Cairn Curran Scheme... AGL progresses upgrade at Clover Power Station.\",\"ai_summary\":\"Owner page indicates Banimboola remains operating; refurbishment/closure items found on the page apply to other AGL hydro assets, not Banimboola.\"},{\"field_name\":\"annual_output\",\"value_text\":\"AGL lists Banimboola average annual output as 11 GWh; this is owner data and preferred over older secondary figures.\",\"value_numeric\":11,\"unit\":\"GWh\",\"source_url\":\"https://www.agl.com.au/about-agl/operations/hydroelectric-power-stations?cidi=AGL%7CB1001990\",\"source_title\":\"Hydroelectric Power Stations\",\"publisher\":\"AGL\",\"published_date\":null,\"confidence\":\"high\",\"raw_excerpt\":\"AGL's minor hydroelectric schemes... Banimboola Power Station (VIC) 12.2 MW 11 GWh.\",\"ai_summary\":\"Owner-published average annual output for context; not directly used to calculate O&M.\"}],\"warnings\":[\"The user supplied Capacity MW: 2.2, but AGL and ESC sources identify Banimboola Power Station as 12.2 MW with two 5 MW units and one 2.2 MW unit. DUID BAPS likely corresponds to the station, not only the 2.2 MW unit.\",\"Reported AUD 23 million capex is for the whole 12.2 MW Banimboola station/project in nominal 2005 dollars. It has not been escalated to current dollars.\",\"Generator-specific fixed O&M, variable O&M, asset life, and refurbishment data were not found in public sources; these fields use clearly marked technology-default/proxy assumptions.\",\"Hydro lifecycle emissions are site-specific and can include reservoir methane; emissions_intensity_tco2_mwh is set to direct operational combustion emissions only.\",\"No Banimboola-specific closure date or major refurbishment announcement was found in the searched public sources.\"]}",
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                        "text": "{\"generator_identity\":{\"site_name\":\"Banimboola\",\"duid\":\"BAPS\",\"owner\":\"AGL Hydro Partnership\",\"region\":\"VIC1\",\"technology_type\":\"Hydro - Dam\",\"fuel_type\":\"Hydro - Water\"},\"financial_profile\":{\"generator_type_normalised\":\"hydro\",\"capex_total_aud\":23000000,\"capex_year\":2005,\"capex_basis\":\"reported\",\"capex_per_mw_aud\":1885245.9016393442,\"capex_per_mwh_aud\":null,\"fixed_opex_annual_aud\":575000,\"fixed_opex_per_mw_year_aud\":47131.147540983606,\"variable_opex_per_mwh_aud\":0,\"fuel_cost_per_gj_aud\":0,\"fuel_contract_notes\":\"No fuel purchase contract identified. Banimboola is a hydro station using water releases/flows associated with Dartmouth regulating pondage; AGL describes hydro generation as dam water released through turbines, and ABC reported Banimboola would operate through the irrigation season and at other times of year.\",\"heat_rate_gj_per_mwh\":null,\"efficiency_pct\":null,\"emissions_intensity_tco2_mwh\":0,\"asset_life_years\":50,\"discount_rate_pct\":null,\"source_confidence\":\"medium\",\"data_status\":\"partially_verified\",\"notes\":\"Reported capex is for the whole Banimboola Power Station, not just the 2.2 MW unit. AGL and ESC sources identify Banimboola as a 12.2 MW hydro power station comprising two 5 MW units and one 2.2 MW unit; therefore capex per MW is calculated as AUD 23.0m / 12.2 MW. The user-supplied 2.2 MW appears to be the small unit capacity rather than total station/DUID capacity. Fixed O&M is not generator-specific; estimated as 2.5% of reported capex per year, a midpoint/default within published hydropower O&M percentage ranges, and should be reviewed. Variable O&M and fuel cost are assumed zero/marginal for dispatch modelling because hydropower O&M is typically treated as fixed and there is no combusted fuel. Heat rate and thermal efficiency are not applicable to hydro. Emissions intensity is direct operational Scope 1 combustion emissions, assumed 0 tCO2e/MWh; lifecycle emissions can be non-zero and site-specific, particularly for reservoirs. No Banimboola-specific major refurbishment or closure notice was found; AGL describes the station as operating since 2005. AGL page lists average annual output as 11 GWh, while older secondary references report 35 GWh; AGL owner data is preferred.\"},\"sources\":[{\"field_name\":\"site_capacity_configuration_online_year\",\"value_text\":\"Banimboola is a 12.2 MW power station, operating since 2005, downstream of Lake Banimboola/Dartmouth regulating pondage; incorporates three generating units comprising two 5 MW units and one 2.2 MW unit; General Electric horizontal s-type tubular turbines; connection via existing main Dartmouth Power Station.\",\"value_numeric\":12.2,\"unit\":\"MW\",\"source_url\":\"https://www.agl.com.au/about-agl/operations/hydroelectric-power-stations?cidi=AGL%7CB1001990\",\"source_title\":\"Hydroelectric Power Stations\",\"publisher\":\"AGL\",\"published_date\":null,\"confidence\":\"high\",\"raw_excerpt\":\"Banimboola is a 12.2 MW power station, operating since 2005 and located downstream of the existing Lake Banimboola dam... incorporates three generating units comprising two 5 MW units and one 2.2 MW unit.\",\"ai_summary\":\"Owner source confirms Banimboola’s total station capacity, unit configuration, online/operating-since year, location and hydro turbine type.\"},{\"field_name\":\"owner_licence_capacity\",\"value_text\":\"AGL Hydro Partnership licence includes Banimboola; ESC application lists Banimboola hydro power station under AGL Australia assets and nameplate capacity of 12.2 MW.\",\"value_numeric\":12.2,\"unit\":\"MW\",\"source_url\":\"https://www.esc.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/AGL%20Australia%20Vic%20Hydro%20Assets%20Pty%20Limited%20-%20VIC%20generation%20licence%20application.pdf\",\"source_title\":\"AGLA Vic Hydro Assets Pty Limited – VIC generation licence application\",\"publisher\":\"Essential Services Commission Victoria / AGL\",\"published_date\":\"2022\",\"confidence\":\"high\",\"raw_excerpt\":\"Existing licence for Victorian hydroelectric generators... Licence holder – AGL Hydro Partnership... Banimboola power station... Type of generation Hydroelectric... Name plate capacity 12.2MW.\",\"ai_summary\":\"Regulatory filing corroborates the licence holder history, Banimboola as a hydroelectric generator, and 12.2 MW nameplate capacity.\"},{\"field_name\":\"owner_licence_status\",\"value_text\":\"AGL HP1 Pty Limited, AGL HP2 Pty Limited and AGL HP3 Pty Limited, together known as the AGL Hydro Partnership; licence granted 18 December 1997 and last varied 26 October 2022; licensed facilities include Banimboola.\",\"value_numeric\":null,\"unit\":null,\"source_url\":\"https://esc.dhm.io/electricity-and-gas/licences-exemptions-and-trial-waivers/electricity-and-gas-licences/agl-hydro-partnership-electricity-generation-licence\",\"source_title\":\"AGL Hydro Partnership - Electricity Generation Licence\",\"publisher\":\"Essential Services Commission Victoria\",\"published_date\":\"2022-10-26\",\"confidence\":\"high\",\"raw_excerpt\":\"AGL HP1 Pty Limited, AGL HP2 Pty Limited and AGL HP3 Pty Limited, together, known as the AGL Hydro Partnership... Licenced for generation facilities in... Banimboola... This licence was last varied on 26 October 2022.\",\"ai_summary\":\"Confirms AGL Hydro Partnership licensing and Banimboola inclusion.\"},{\"field_name\":\"capex_total_aud\",\"value_text\":\"Reported construction cost for Banimboola Power Station was AUD 23 million while commissioning tests were underway in November 2005.\",\"value_numeric\":23000000,\"unit\":\"AUD\",\"source_url\":\"https://www.abc.net.au/news/2005-11-23/23m-power-station-nearly-up-and-running/746950\",\"source_title\":\"$23m power station nearly up and running\",\"publisher\":\"ABC News\",\"published_date\":\"2005-11-23\",\"confidence\":\"high\",\"raw_excerpt\":\"The $23 million Banimboola power station is undergoing commissioning tests this week. The hydro station was built after the regulating pondage below Dartmouth Dam was modified to improve the power output.\",\"ai_summary\":\"Primary news report provides the reported nominal project cost and construction/commissioning context in 2005.\"},{\"field_name\":\"capex_year\",\"value_text\":\"Construction/commissioning context: Banimboola was undergoing commissioning tests on 23 November 2005 and expected to be fully operational within weeks; AGL says Banimboola has operated since 2005.\",\"value_numeric\":2005,\"unit\":\"year\",\"source_url\":\"https://www.abc.net.au/news/2005-11-23/23m-power-station-nearly-up-and-running/746950\",\"source_title\":\"$23m power station nearly up and running\",\"publisher\":\"ABC News\",\"published_date\":\"2005-11-23\",\"confidence\":\"high\",\"raw_excerpt\":\"A new power station on the Mitta Mitta River in north-east Victoria is expected to be fully operational within weeks. The $23 million Banimboola power station is undergoing commissioning tests this week.\",\"ai_summary\":\"Supports assigning the reported capex to nominal 2005 dollars.\"},{\"field_name\":\"capex_scope\",\"value_text\":\"Scope included a hydro station built after modifications to the regulating pondage below Dartmouth Dam to improve power output; capacity 12.2 MW.\",\"value_numeric\":12.2,\"unit\":\"MW\",\"source_url\":\"https://www.abc.net.au/news/2005-11-23/23m-power-station-nearly-up-and-running/746950\",\"source_title\":\"$23m power station nearly up and running\",\"publisher\":\"ABC News\",\"published_date\":\"2005-11-23\",\"confidence\":\"high\",\"raw_excerpt\":\"The hydro station was built after the regulating pondage below Dartmouth Dam was modified to improve the power output... it's 12.2 megawatts... taking advantage of the incentives that are there for renewable energy.\",\"ai_summary\":\"Provides capex scope and capacity for the reported project.\"},{\"field_name\":\"capex_per_mw_aud\",\"value_text\":\"Calculated from reported AUD 23.0 million station capex divided by AGL/ESC-confirmed 12.2 MW station capacity.\",\"value_numeric\":1885245.9016393442,\"unit\":\"AUD/MW\",\"source_url\":\"https://www.abc.net.au/news/2005-11-23/23m-power-station-nearly-up-and-running/746950\",\"source_title\":\"$23m power station nearly up and running\",\"publisher\":\"ABC News\",\"published_date\":\"2005-11-23\",\"confidence\":\"medium\",\"raw_excerpt\":\"The $23 million Banimboola power station... it's 12.2 megawatts...\",\"ai_summary\":\"Derived unit capex: 23,000,000 / 12.2 = 1.885 million AUD/MW, nominal 2005.\"},{\"field_name\":\"fixed_opex_annual_aud\",\"value_text\":\"Estimated fixed O&M using 2.5% of reported project capex per year; IRENA reports annual hydropower O&M costs are often quoted as a percentage of investment cost with typical values ranging from 1% to 4%.\",\"value_numeric\":575000,\"unit\":\"AUD\",\"source_url\":\"https://www.irena.org/Digital-Report/Renewable-Power-Generation-Costs-in-2024\",\"source_title\":\"Renewable Power Generation Costs in 2024\",\"publisher\":\"International Renewable Energy Agency\",\"published_date\":\"2025\",\"confidence\":\"low\",\"raw_excerpt\":\"Annual O&M costs are often quoted as a percentage of the investment cost per kW per year, with typical values ranging from 1% to 4%.\",\"ai_summary\":\"No Banimboola-specific O&M found. A midpoint/default 2.5% of AUD 23.0m capex gives AUD 575,000/year for the station.\"},{\"field_name\":\"fixed_opex_per_mw_year_aud\",\"value_text\":\"Estimated fixed O&M per MW-year using 2.5% of reported capex per year divided by 12.2 MW station capacity.\",\"value_numeric\":47131.147540983606,\"unit\":\"AUD/MW-year\",\"source_url\":\"https://www.irena.org/Digital-Report/Renewable-Power-Generation-Costs-in-2024\",\"source_title\":\"Renewable Power Generation Costs in 2024\",\"publisher\":\"International Renewable Energy Agency\",\"published_date\":\"2025\",\"confidence\":\"low\",\"raw_excerpt\":\"Annual O&M costs are often quoted as a percentage of the investment cost per kW per year, with typical values ranging from 1% to 4%.\",\"ai_summary\":\"Default estimate only: AUD 575,000/year divided by 12.2 MW = AUD 47,131/MW-year.\"},{\"field_name\":\"variable_opex_per_mwh_aud\",\"value_text\":\"Assumed variable O&M is 0 AUD/MWh for dispatch modelling; EIA notes that for hydro, solar, wind and battery cases all O&M costs are treated as fixed costs, and variable component is considered zero.\",\"value_numeric\":0,\"unit\":\"AUD/MWh\",\"source_url\":\"https://www.eia.gov/analysis/studies/powerplants/capitalcost/pdf/capital_cost_aeo2020.pdf\",\"source_title\":\"Cost and Performance Characteristics of New Generating Technologies, Annual Energy Outlook 2020\",\"publisher\":\"U.S. Energy Information Administration\",\"published_date\":\"2020\",\"confidence\":\"low\",\"raw_excerpt\":\"For the hydro, solar, wind, and battery energy storage cases, all O&M costs are treated as fixed costs... the variable cost component is considered to be zero.\",\"ai_summary\":\"No Australian Banimboola-specific VOM was found; zero/marginal VOM is a generic hydro modelling assumption.\"},{\"field_name\":\"fuel_cost_per_gj_aud\",\"value_text\":\"No purchased fuel; hydro power uses moving water released through turbines. Fuel cost treated as 0 AUD/GJ; ABC notes operation through irrigation season and other times.\",\"value_numeric\":0,\"unit\":\"AUD/GJ\",\"source_url\":\"https://www.agl.com.au/about-agl/operations/hydroelectric-power-stations?cidi=AGL%7CB1001990\",\"source_title\":\"Hydroelectric Power Stations\",\"publisher\":\"AGL\",\"published_date\":null,\"confidence\":\"high\",\"raw_excerpt\":\"Hydro power uses the force of moving water to make electricity... water is stored in dams and then released to flow through turbines.\",\"ai_summary\":\"Owner explanation supports treating water as non-purchased fuel for fuel-cost purposes.\"},{\"field_name\":\"fuel_contract_notes\",\"value_text\":\"Banimboola operates using water releases/flows from Dartmouth regulating pondage; no fuel contract identified.\",\"value_numeric\":null,\"unit\":null,\"source_url\":\"https://www.abc.net.au/news/2005-11-23/23m-power-station-nearly-up-and-running/746950\",\"source_title\":\"$23m power station nearly up and running\",\"publisher\":\"ABC News\",\"published_date\":\"2005-11-23\",\"confidence\":\"medium\",\"raw_excerpt\":\"The chief executive of Southern Hydro, Simon Maher, says the new station will operate throughout the irrigation season and at some other times of the year.\",\"ai_summary\":\"Operational water availability is linked to irrigation-season and other regulated releases rather than a fuel supply contract.\"},{\"field_name\":\"heat_rate_gj_per_mwh\",\"value_text\":\"Not applicable to hydro-electric generation because there is no combustion fuel heat input; hydro converts potential/kinetic energy of water to electricity.\",\"value_numeric\":null,\"unit\":\"GJ/MWh\",\"source_url\":\"https://www.agl.com.au/about-agl/operations/hydroelectric-power-stations?cidi=AGL%7CB1001990\",\"source_title\":\"Hydroelectric Power Stations\",\"publisher\":\"AGL\",\"published_date\":null,\"confidence\":\"high\",\"raw_excerpt\":\"Hydro power uses the force of moving water to make electricity... As the water moves through, it spins the turbines, which are connected to generators that produce electricity.\",\"ai_summary\":\"Heat rate is a thermal-plant metric and is not applicable for Banimboola hydro.\"},{\"field_name\":\"efficiency_pct\",\"value_text\":\"Thermal efficiency is not applicable to conventional hydro in the same sense as combustion generation; no Banimboola turbine-generator efficiency was found.\",\"value_numeric\":null,\"unit\":\"%\",\"source_url\":\"https://www.agl.com.au/about-agl/operations/hydroelectric-power-stations?cidi=AGL%7CB1001990\",\"source_title\":\"Hydroelectric Power Stations\",\"publisher\":\"AGL\",\"published_date\":null,\"confidence\":\"medium\",\"raw_excerpt\":\"Hydro power uses the force of moving water to make electricity... water is stored in dams and then released to flow through turbines.\",\"ai_summary\":\"No source-backed Banimboola unit efficiency was located; thermal efficiency is not applicable.\"},{\"field_name\":\"emissions_intensity_tco2_mwh\",\"value_text\":\"Direct operational combustion emissions assumed 0 tCO2e/MWh for hydro; IPCC AR5 Annex III reports hydropower direct emissions as 0 gCO2/kWh, while lifecycle emissions have a wide range and median around 24 gCO2e/kWh.\",\"value_numeric\":0,\"unit\":\"tCO2e/MWh\",\"source_url\":\"https://archive.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar5/wg3/drafts/fgd/ipcc_wg3_ar5_final-draft_fgd_annex-iii.pdf\",\"source_title\":\"IPCC AR5 WGIII Annex III: Technology-specific cost and performance parameters\",\"publisher\":\"Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change\",\"published_date\":\"2014\",\"confidence\":\"medium\",\"raw_excerpt\":\"Hydropower | Direct emissions 0 | Infrastructure & supply chain emissions 19 | Methane emissions 88 | Lifecycle emissions... 1.0 / 24 / 2200 gCO2eq/kWh.\",\"ai_summary\":\"Use 0 tCO2e/MWh as direct operating emissions; lifecycle emissions are not used in the financial dispatch field because reservoir emissions are site-specific.\"},{\"field_name\":\"asset_life_years\",\"value_text\":\"Default/proxy hydro technical life set to 50 years; AEMO/GHD pumped-hydro parameter review lists technical life 50 years and notes civil works can be designed for 200 years, with half-life refurbishment contemplated around 100,000 operating hours.\",\"value_numeric\":50,\"unit\":\"years\",\"source_url\":\"https://aemo.com.au/-/media/Files/Electricity/NEM/Planning_and_Forecasting/Inputs-Assumptions-Methodologies/2019/9110715-REP-A-Cost-and-Technical-Parameter-Review---Rev-4-Final.pdf\",\"source_title\":\"AEMO costs and technical parameter review\",\"publisher\":\"GHD for AEMO\",\"published_date\":\"2018-09-27\",\"confidence\":\"low\",\"raw_excerpt\":\"Technical Life (yrs) 50... Typically half-life refurbishment would be contemplated at 100,000 h... Civil works are designed for 200 yrs life.\",\"ai_summary\":\"Not Banimboola-specific and for pumped hydro, but used as a hydro-technology proxy where exact station asset life is unavailable.\"},{\"field_name\":\"major_refurbishment_or_closure_notes\",\"value_text\":\"No Banimboola-specific refurbishment or closure notice found. AGL lists Banimboola as operating since 2005. AGL separately describes major upgrades at Clover, but not Banimboola; Cairn Curran is the AGL hydro station identified for decommissioning works, not Banimboola.\",\"value_numeric\":null,\"unit\":null,\"source_url\":\"https://www.agl.com.au/about-agl/operations/hydroelectric-power-stations?cidi=AGL%7CB1001990\",\"source_title\":\"Hydroelectric Power Stations\",\"publisher\":\"AGL\",\"published_date\":null,\"confidence\":\"medium\",\"raw_excerpt\":\"Banimboola is a 12.2 MW power station, operating since 2005... We have commenced decommissioning works at the Cairn Curran Scheme... AGL progresses upgrade at Clover Power Station.\",\"ai_summary\":\"Owner page indicates Banimboola remains operating; refurbishment/closure items found on the page apply to other AGL hydro assets, not Banimboola.\"},{\"field_name\":\"annual_output\",\"value_text\":\"AGL lists Banimboola average annual output as 11 GWh; this is owner data and preferred over older secondary figures.\",\"value_numeric\":11,\"unit\":\"GWh\",\"source_url\":\"https://www.agl.com.au/about-agl/operations/hydroelectric-power-stations?cidi=AGL%7CB1001990\",\"source_title\":\"Hydroelectric Power Stations\",\"publisher\":\"AGL\",\"published_date\":null,\"confidence\":\"high\",\"raw_excerpt\":\"AGL's minor hydroelectric schemes... Banimboola Power Station (VIC) 12.2 MW 11 GWh.\",\"ai_summary\":\"Owner-published average annual output for context; not directly used to calculate O&M.\"}],\"warnings\":[\"The user supplied Capacity MW: 2.2, but AGL and ESC sources identify Banimboola Power Station as 12.2 MW with two 5 MW units and one 2.2 MW unit. DUID BAPS likely corresponds to the station, not only the 2.2 MW unit.\",\"Reported AUD 23 million capex is for the whole 12.2 MW Banimboola station/project in nominal 2005 dollars. It has not been escalated to current dollars.\",\"Generator-specific fixed O&M, variable O&M, asset life, and refurbishment data were not found in public sources; these fields use clearly marked technology-default/proxy assumptions.\",\"Hydro lifecycle emissions are site-specific and can include reservoir methane; emissions_intensity_tco2_mwh is set to direct operational combustion emissions only.\",\"No Banimboola-specific closure date or major refurbishment announcement was found in the searched public sources.\"]}"
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Banimboola (BAPS)

Dispatch & revenue

Financial overview

Sources

Last AI response