Owner: Tetris Energy
Status:
Technology Type: Storage - Battery
Fuel Type: Other - Other
DUID:
Capacity: 0 MW
Full Commercial Use Date:
Expected Closure Year:
Closure Date:
29 May 2026 04:00 → 30 May 2026 04:00 AEST · data through 30 May 2026, 04:00
| Capex total | $323.30M |
|---|---|
| Capex / MW | $1,616,500 |
| Capex / MWh storage | $404,125 |
| Fixed OPEX (annual) | $2.56M |
| Fixed OPEX / MW-yr | $12,800 |
| Variable OPEX / MWh | $0.00 |
| Fuel cost / GJ | — |
| Heat rate GJ/MWh | — |
Confidence: medium · Status: ai estimated · Capex basis: estimated · AI checked 04 Jun 2026
Notes: No project-specific capex, O&M, revenue contract, supplier, EPC contract, FID, or commissioning notice was found. Financial assumptions therefore use AEMO/Aurecon 2024 Energy Technology Cost and Technical Parameter Review for a 200 MW / 800 MWh, 4-hour lithium-ion BESS. Because Ben Bullen BESS is proposed as part of a wind farm with shared infrastructure, the co-located 200 MW / 800 MWh cost case was used: AUD 313.3m EPC plus AUD 10.0m land/development cost = AUD 323.3m nominal benchmark estimate. If a dedicated grid connection is required, the comparable benchmark would be about AUD 334.1m including land/development. Project identity and scope are verified through NSW Planning Portal and Infrastructure Pipeline. Current public project materials indicate the Ben Bullen Wind Farm is now being developed by Alinta Energy, while earlier infrastructure listings describe it as proposed by Tetris Energy; Alinta’s FY25 Sustainability Report says Tetris Energy is now part of Alinta Energy. For asset life, the financial profile uses the BESS-specific AEMO/Aurecon 20-year economic/design life, with potential extension to about 25 years or later battery upgrades; project-level wind farm materials separately refer to 30+ years or up to 40 years for the overall wind farm. Direct onsite operational emissions are treated as 0 tCO2/MWh for the battery itself, excluding emissions associated with charging electricity.
[AI 2026-06-04] Ben Bullen BESS is a proposed 200 MW / 800 MWh battery within the Ben Bullen Wind Farm project, which is still in early development / Prepare EIS and has no AEMO DUID or generator-specific capex/O&M disclosure found. Current developer/owner information indicates Alinta Energy is developing Ben Bullen after acquiring Tetris Energy / Alinta Energy (TE). Financial values are not reported for Ben Bullen; they are estimated from the Economic Regulation Authority / GHD 2027-28 Benchmark Reserve Capacity Price report for a hypothetical 200 MW / 800 MWh LFP BESS. That benchmark is WA/SWIS-specific and includes 330 kV connection, land, indirect costs and contingency, so it may not match Ben Bullen's NSW/NEM network connection, co-location, shared substation or procurement scope. Capex is the GHD report's nominal Q4 2024 estimate, not escalated to 2027. Fixed O&M is also from the same WA benchmark and includes BESS/substation/BoP maintenance, transmission connection asset maintenance, transmission network charges, corporate overheads, security and local government rates. Variable O&M is set to zero based on Aurecon/AEMO commentary that BESS long-term service agreements typically do not have variable costs; battery cycling degradation/replacement may still be economically material but was not expressed as a variable $/MWh cost. Efficiency uses AEMO's commonly modelled 85% round-trip efficiency for grid-scale batteries, not a Ben Bullen equipment guarantee. Direct operational emissions intensity is treated as zero because the BESS has no on-site combustion fuel; lifecycle emissions and charging-energy emissions are excluded. Project-specific refurbishment, augmentation, closure or module replacement details were not found. Bathurst Council material refers to 35 years operational life for the overall Ben Bullen wind project; AEMO IASR uses a 20-year technical life for large-scale batteries, so 20 years is used for the BESS financial assumption while noting the broader project may have a longer planning life.
[AI 2026-06-04] Ben Bullen BESS is not yet operating and appears to be part of the proposed Ben Bullen Wind Farm. NSW Planning lists status as 'Prepare EIS'. No generator-specific final investment decision, EPC contract, financing announcement, DUID, or commissioning date was found. Capacity/scope is source-backed as 200 MW / 800 MWh in NSW Planning Portal and Infrastructure Pipeline; the NSW SEARs PDF appears to contain a likely typo stating 200 MW / 9000 MWh. Financial assumptions are therefore technology-default estimates for a 200 MW / 4-hour lithium-ion BESS co-located with a renewable installation, using Aurecon/AEMO 2025 cost and technical parameter review values. Capex total uses Aurecon's co-located 200 MW / 800 MWh EPC estimate of AUD 313.3m plus AUD 10.0m land/development allowance. Fixed opex uses Aurecon's 4-hour BESS total annual O&M including extended 20-year warranty: AUD 4.24m/year. Variable O&M is shown as 0 because Aurecon reports BESS long-term service agreements are not typically fixed/variable and gives no variable O&M. Efficiency is beginning-of-life round-trip efficiency at point of connection. Emissions intensity is direct operational onsite combustion only and excludes emissions associated with charging energy. Major closure/refurbishment note: 20-year design/economic life, possible extension to ~25 years subject to condition assessment, and potential life extension via battery upgrades; GHD estimates retirement for a 200 MW / 4-hour BESS at AUD 94,000/MW and retirement duration of about 32 weeks demolition/dismantling plus mobilisation/demobilisation allowance.
[AI 2026-06-04] Ben Bullen BESS is a proposed co-located battery component of the Ben Bullen Wind Farm. Project-specific capex, O&M, financing, EPC contract, battery supplier, augmentation strategy and revenue/fuel-equivalent charging arrangements were not found in public sources. Capex and O&M values are therefore benchmark estimates for a 200 MW / 800 MWh four-hour lithium-ion BESS co-located with a large renewable installation, using Aurecon's 2024 Energy Technology Cost and Technical Parameter Review for AEMO. Estimated capex uses co-located EPC cost of AUD 313.3 million plus AUD 10.0 million land/development cost. Fixed O&M uses Aurecon's four-hour BESS fixed O&M of AUD 12,800/MW-year, equal to AUD 2.56 million/year for 200 MW; a 20-year extended warranty would add about AUD 1.68 million/year, making all-in fixed O&M plus warranty about AUD 4.24 million/year. Variable O&M is not populated because Aurecon states BESS long-term service agreements are not typically based on fixed/variable costs. Efficiency is round-trip efficiency at beginning of life, not thermal efficiency. Direct emissions intensity is treated as zero under NSW EPA firming-infrastructure treatment for BESS; lifecycle and charging-electricity emissions are not included. Project ownership/development appears to have transitioned: NSW SEARs identify Tetris Energy Pty Ltd as proponent in February 2025, while the current project website and April 2026 community update state Alinta Energy is developing the project. Major closure/refurbishment notes: Aurecon assumes 20-year economic/technical life for large-scale LFP BESS, with possible extension to about 25 years after condition assessment and potential life extension with battery upgrades; inverters may require increased corrective maintenance beyond around 20 years. The Ben Bullen project community update states decommissioning or renewal will occur after planned life and that decommissioning costs are borne by the project owner, with a decommissioning security report required as part of the development application.
Model: gpt-5.5 · Reasoning: medium · Fetched 04 Jun 2026 09:11 · ID: resp_000bcd65efbc0175006a20b411613881959f6003adbe6200f8
{
"generator_identity": {
"site_name": "Ben Bullen BESS",
"duid": null,
"owner": "Tetris Energy / Alinta Energy",
"region": "NSW",
"technology_type": "Storage - Battery",
"fuel_type": "Other - Other"
},
"financial_profile": {
"generator_type_normalised": "battery",
"capex_total_aud": 323300000,
"capex_year": 2025,
"capex_basis": "estimated",
"capex_per_mw_aud": 1616500,
"capex_per_mwh_aud": 404125,
"fixed_opex_annual_aud": 2560000,
"fixed_opex_per_mw_year_aud": 12800,
"variable_opex_per_mwh_aud": null,
"fuel_cost_per_gj_aud": null,
"fuel_contract_notes": "No fuel contract identified. As a BESS, the asset stores and discharges electricity rather than consuming a combustible fuel; charging energy costs would be market/contract dependent and were not disclosed for Ben Bullen.",
"heat_rate_gj_per_mwh": null,
"efficiency_pct": 85,
"emissions_intensity_tco2_mwh": 0,
"asset_life_years": 20,
"discount_rate_pct": null,
"source_confidence": "medium",
"data_status": "ai_estimated",
"notes": "Ben Bullen BESS is a proposed co-located battery component of the Ben Bullen Wind Farm. Project-specific capex, O&M, financing, EPC contract, battery supplier, augmentation strategy and revenue/fuel-equivalent charging arrangements were not found in public sources. Capex and O&M values are therefore benchmark estimates for a 200 MW / 800 MWh four-hour lithium-ion BESS co-located with a large renewable installation, using Aurecon's 2024 Energy Technology Cost and Technical Parameter Review for AEMO. Estimated capex uses co-located EPC cost of AUD 313.3 million plus AUD 10.0 million land/development cost. Fixed O&M uses Aurecon's four-hour BESS fixed O&M of AUD 12,800/MW-year, equal to AUD 2.56 million/year for 200 MW; a 20-year extended warranty would add about AUD 1.68 million/year, making all-in fixed O&M plus warranty about AUD 4.24 million/year. Variable O&M is not populated because Aurecon states BESS long-term service agreements are not typically based on fixed/variable costs. Efficiency is round-trip efficiency at beginning of life, not thermal efficiency. Direct emissions intensity is treated as zero under NSW EPA firming-infrastructure treatment for BESS; lifecycle and charging-electricity emissions are not included. Project ownership/development appears to have transitioned: NSW SEARs identify Tetris Energy Pty Ltd as proponent in February 2025, while the current project website and April 2026 community update state Alinta Energy is developing the project. Major closure/refurbishment notes: Aurecon assumes 20-year economic/technical life for large-scale LFP BESS, with possible extension to about 25 years after condition assessment and potential life extension with battery upgrades; inverters may require increased corrective maintenance beyond around 20 years. The Ben Bullen project community update states decommissioning or renewal will occur after planned life and that decommissioning costs are borne by the project owner, with a decommissioning security report required as part of the development application."
},
"sources": [
{
"field_name": "generator_identity.site_name",
"value_text": "Ben Bullen Wind Farm includes a 200 MW / 800 MWh BESS",
"value_numeric": null,
"unit": null,
"source_url": "https://www.planningportal.nsw.gov.au/major-projects/projects/ben-bullen-wind-farm",
"source_title": "Ben Bullen Wind Farm | Planning Portal",
"publisher": "NSW Department of Planning and Environment / NSW Planning Portal",
"published_date": null,
"confidence": "high",
"raw_excerpt": "The construction, operation and decommissioning of a wind farm with an estimated capacity of 500 megawatts, up to 64 turbines with a maximum height of 252 metres (to blade tip), a 200MW / 800 MWh BESS, and associated infrastructure.",
"ai_summary": "Official NSW planning page confirms the Ben Bullen project scope includes a 200 MW / 800 MWh battery energy storage system."
},
{
"field_name": "generator_identity.owner",
"value_text": "Tetris Energy Pty Ltd listed as proponent; current project materials state Alinta Energy is developing the project",
"value_numeric": null,
"unit": null,
"source_url": "https://www.benbullenwindfarm.com/content/dam/benbullen/resources/sears/SEARs.pdf",
"source_title": "Planning Secretary’s Environmental Assessment Requirements - Ben Bullen Wind Farm",
"publisher": "NSW Department of Planning, Housing and Infrastructure",
"published_date": "2025-02-14",
"confidence": "medium",
"raw_excerpt": "Application Number SSD-79294216 ... Project Ben Bullen Wind Farm ... Proponent Tetris Energy Pty Ltd ... Date of Issue 14/02/2025.",
"ai_summary": "The NSW SEARs identify Tetris Energy Pty Ltd as the proponent for the State Significant Development application."
},
{
"field_name": "generator_identity.owner",
"value_text": "Alinta Energy is developing the Ben Bullen Wind Farm project",
"value_numeric": null,
"unit": null,
"source_url": "https://www.benbullenwindfarm.com/content/dam/benbullen/resources/community-updates/Ben%20Bullen%20community%20update%20-%20Apr%202026.pdf",
"source_title": "Ben Bullen Wind Farm Community Update - April 2026",
"publisher": "Alinta Energy / Ben Bullen Wind Farm",
"published_date": "2026-04",
"confidence": "medium",
"raw_excerpt": "Alinta Energy is developing the Ben Bullen Wind Farm project in the Lithgow City Council area.",
"ai_summary": "Current project communication indicates Alinta Energy is now developing the Ben Bullen project."
},
{
"field_name": "capacity_mw",
"value_text": "200 MW / 800 MWh battery",
"value_numeric": 200,
"unit": "MW",
"source_url": "https://infrastructurepipeline.org/project/ben-bullen-wind-farm",
"source_title": "Ben Bullen Wind Farm - Infrastructure Pipeline",
"publisher": "Infrastructure Partnerships Australia / ANZIP",
"published_date": null,
"confidence": "medium",
"raw_excerpt": "The scope includes: a 500-megawatt wind farm comprising 64 wind turbines; a 200-megawatt / 800-megawatt hour battery; and an onsite substation.",
"ai_summary": "Infrastructure Pipeline confirms the battery size as 200 MW / 800 MWh and identifies Tetris Energy as procuring agency."
},
{
"field_name": "capex_total_aud",
"value_text": "Estimated from Aurecon benchmark: AUD 313.3M co-located EPC cost for 200 MW / 800 MWh BESS plus AUD 10.0M land/development cost",
"value_numeric": 323300000,
"unit": "AUD",
"source_url": "https://www.aemo.com.au/-/media/files/stakeholder_consultation/consultations/nem-consultations/2024/2025-iasr-scenarios/final-docs/aurecon-2024-energy-technology-cost-technical-parameter-review-report.pdf",
"source_title": "2024 Energy Technology Cost and Technical Parameter Review",
"publisher": "Aurecon for Australian Energy Market Operator",
"published_date": "2025-05-09",
"confidence": "medium",
"raw_excerpt": "CAPEX – EPC cost for 200 MW BESS (co-located with large renewable installation) ... Total EPC cost $M ... 4 hours 313.3 ... Other costs Cost of land and development $ 10,000,000.",
"ai_summary": "Aurecon provides a benchmark co-located 200 MW four-hour BESS EPC estimate of AUD 313.3 million and a separate AUD 10 million land/development cost. This is used as an estimate because Ben Bullen-specific capex was not publicly disclosed."
},
{
"field_name": "capex_per_mw_aud",
"value_text": "Derived estimate: AUD 323.3M / 200 MW",
"value_numeric": 1616500,
"unit": "AUD/MW",
"source_url": "https://www.aemo.com.au/-/media/files/stakeholder_consultation/consultations/nem-consultations/2024/2025-iasr-scenarios/final-docs/aurecon-2024-energy-technology-cost-technical-parameter-review-report.pdf",
"source_title": "2024 Energy Technology Cost and Technical Parameter Review",
"publisher": "Aurecon for Australian Energy Market Operator",
"published_date": "2025-05-09",
"confidence": "medium",
"raw_excerpt": "Power Capacity (gross) MW 200 ... Energy Capacity MWh ... 4 hours 800 ... Total EPC cost $M ... 4 hours 313.3 ... Cost of land and development $ 10,000,000.",
"ai_summary": "Unit capex is calculated by dividing the estimated total capex including land/development by 200 MW."
},
{
"field_name": "capex_per_mwh_aud",
"value_text": "Derived estimate: AUD 323.3M / 800 MWh",
"value_numeric": 404125,
"unit": "AUD/MWh",
"source_url": "https://www.aemo.com.au/-/media/files/stakeholder_consultation/consultations/nem-consultations/2024/2025-iasr-scenarios/final-docs/aurecon-2024-energy-technology-cost-technical-parameter-review-report.pdf",
"source_title": "2024 Energy Technology Cost and Technical Parameter Review",
"publisher": "Aurecon for Australian Energy Market Operator",
"published_date": "2025-05-09",
"confidence": "medium",
"raw_excerpt": "Power Capacity (gross) MW 200 ... Energy Capacity MWh 200 400 800 1,600 ... Total EPC cost $M ... 4 hours 313.3 ... Cost of land and development $ 10,000,000.",
"ai_summary": "Unit energy capex is calculated by dividing the estimated total capex including land/development by 800 MWh."
},
{
"field_name": "fixed_opex_annual_aud",
"value_text": "AUD 2.56M/year fixed O&M for 4-hour 200 MW BESS, excluding extended warranties",
"value_numeric": 2560000,
"unit": "AUD",
"source_url": "https://www.aemo.com.au/-/media/files/stakeholder_consultation/consultations/nem-consultations/2024/2025-iasr-scenarios/final-docs/aurecon-2024-energy-technology-cost-technical-parameter-review-report.pdf",
"source_title": "2024 Energy Technology Cost and Technical Parameter Review",
"publisher": "Aurecon for Australian Energy Market Operator",
"published_date": "2025-05-09",
"confidence": "medium",
"raw_excerpt": "OPEX – Annual Fixed O&M Cost $/MW (Net) ... 4 hours 12,800 ... Total annual O&M Cost (excluding extended warranties) $k ... 4 hours 2,560.",
"ai_summary": "Aurecon benchmark fixed O&M for a 4-hour 200 MW BESS is AUD 12,800/MW-year, totaling AUD 2.56 million/year excluding extended warranties."
},
{
"field_name": "fixed_opex_per_mw_year_aud",
"value_text": "AUD 12,800/MW-year fixed O&M for 4-hour BESS",
"value_numeric": 12800,
"unit": "AUD/MW/yr",
"source_url": "https://www.aemo.com.au/-/media/files/stakeholder_consultation/consultations/nem-consultations/2024/2025-iasr-scenarios/final-docs/aurecon-2024-energy-technology-cost-technical-parameter-review-report.pdf",
"source_title": "2024 Energy Technology Cost and Technical Parameter Review",
"publisher": "Aurecon for Australian Energy Market Operator",
"published_date": "2025-05-09",
"confidence": "medium",
"raw_excerpt": "OPEX – Annual Fixed O&M Cost $/MW (Net) 5,400 8,000 12,800 22,500 Provided on $/MW basis for input into GenCost template only.",
"ai_summary": "The 4-hour BESS fixed O&M benchmark is AUD 12,800/MW-year."
},
{
"field_name": "fixed_opex_annual_aud_extended_warranty_note",
"value_text": "Extended warranty adds AUD 1.68M/year; fixed O&M plus extended warranties totals AUD 4.24M/year",
"value_numeric": 4240000,
"unit": "AUD",
"source_url": "https://www.aemo.com.au/-/media/files/stakeholder_consultation/consultations/nem-consultations/2024/2025-iasr-scenarios/final-docs/aurecon-2024-energy-technology-cost-technical-parameter-review-report.pdf",
"source_title": "2024 Energy Technology Cost and Technical Parameter Review",
"publisher": "Aurecon for Australian Energy Market Operator",
"published_date": "2025-05-09",
"confidence": "medium",
"raw_excerpt": "Extended warranty (20-year battery life) $/MW (Net) ... 4 hours 8,400 ... Total annual O&M Cost (extended warranties) $k ... 4 hours 1,680 ... Total annual O&M Cost (Fixed O&M + extended warranties) $k ... 4 hours 4,240.",
"ai_summary": "If a 20-year extended battery warranty is included, estimated annual O&M-related cost increases from AUD 2.56 million to AUD 4.24 million."
},
{
"field_name": "variable_opex_per_mwh_aud",
"value_text": "Not applicable / not disclosed; BESS service agreements not typically fixed-variable",
"value_numeric": null,
"unit": "AUD/MWh",
"source_url": "https://www.aemo.com.au/-/media/files/stakeholder_consultation/consultations/nem-consultations/2024/2025-iasr-scenarios/final-docs/aurecon-2024-energy-technology-cost-technical-parameter-review-report.pdf",
"source_title": "2024 Energy Technology Cost and Technical Parameter Review",
"publisher": "Aurecon for Australian Energy Market Operator",
"published_date": "2025-05-09",
"confidence": "medium",
"raw_excerpt": "Variable O&M Cost $/MWh (Net) - - - - BESS long term service agreements not typically based on fixed / variable.",
"ai_summary": "Aurecon does not provide a variable O&M value for BESS, noting service agreements are not typically structured on a fixed/variable basis."
},
{
"field_name": "fuel_cost_per_gj_aud",
"value_text": "No combustible fuel; BESS stores electricity",
"value_numeric": null,
"unit": "AUD/GJ",
"source_url": "https://www.planningportal.nsw.gov.au/major-projects/projects/ben-bullen-wind-farm",
"source_title": "Ben Bullen Wind Farm | Planning Portal",
"publisher": "NSW Department of Planning and Environment / NSW Planning Portal",
"published_date": null,
"confidence": "high",
"raw_excerpt": "The construction, operation and decommissioning of a wind farm ... a 200MW / 800 MWh BESS, and associated infrastructure.",
"ai_summary": "The asset is a battery storage system, so no fuel cost per GJ is applicable; charging electricity cost is market-dependent and not publicly disclosed."
},
{
"field_name": "efficiency_pct",
"value_text": "Beginning-of-life round-trip efficiency for 4-hour BESS",
"value_numeric": 85,
"unit": "%",
"source_url": "https://www.aemo.com.au/-/media/files/stakeholder_consultation/consultations/nem-consultations/2024/2025-iasr-scenarios/final-docs/aurecon-2024-energy-technology-cost-technical-parameter-review-report.pdf",
"source_title": "2024 Energy Technology Cost and Technical Parameter Review",
"publisher": "Aurecon for Australian Energy Market Operator",
"published_date": "2025-05-09",
"confidence": "medium",
"raw_excerpt": "Round trip efficiency (Beginning of Life [BOL]) % 84 84 85 85 Typical round trip efficiency (@ BOL), at the point of connection (including auxiliaries), for a full cycle of charge and discharge.",
"ai_summary": "Aurecon assumes 85% beginning-of-life round-trip efficiency at point of connection for a four-hour lithium-ion BESS."
},
{
"field_name": "heat_rate_gj_per_mwh",
"value_text": "Not applicable to electrochemical storage",
"value_numeric": null,
"unit": "GJ/MWh",
"source_url": "https://www.aemo.com.au/-/media/files/stakeholder_consultation/consultations/nem-consultations/2024/2025-iasr-scenarios/final-docs/aurecon-2024-energy-technology-cost-technical-parameter-review-report.pdf",
"source_title": "2024 Energy Technology Cost and Technical Parameter Review",
"publisher": "Aurecon for Australian Energy Market Operator",
"published_date": "2025-05-09",
"confidence": "medium",
"raw_excerpt": "Technology Li-ion ... Energy Capacity MWh 200 400 800 1,600 ... Round trip efficiency ... 85.",
"ai_summary": "A lithium-ion BESS does not have a thermal heat rate; round-trip efficiency is the relevant efficiency metric."
},
{
"field_name": "emissions_intensity_tco2_mwh",
"value_text": "BESS emissions taken to be zero under NSW regulation treatment for firming infrastructure",
"value_numeric": 0,
"unit": "tCO2/MWh",
"source_url": "https://www.epa.nsw.gov.au/Your-environment/Climate-change/Firming-infrastructure/Greenhouse-gas-emissions-intensity-of-the-NSW-electricity-grid",
"source_title": "Greenhouse gas emissions intensity of the NSW electricity grid",
"publisher": "NSW Environment Protection Authority",
"published_date": "2026",
"confidence": "high",
"raw_excerpt": "The EPA does not need to calculate the emissions intensity for battery energy storage systems (BESS) because they don’t generate emissions, they just store electricity. In accordance with the Regulation, their emissions are taken to be zero.",
"ai_summary": "For NSW firming infrastructure treatment, BESS emissions intensity is taken as zero because batteries store electricity and do not generate emissions on site."
},
{
"field_name": "asset_life_years",
"value_text": "20-year large-scale LFP BESS economic and technical life; possible extension to ~25 years after condition assessment",
"value_numeric": 20,
"unit": "years",
"source_url": "https://www.aemo.com.au/-/media/files/stakeholder_consultation/consultations/nem-consultations/2024/2025-iasr-scenarios/final-docs/aurecon-2024-energy-technology-cost-technical-parameter-review-report.pdf",
"source_title": "2024 Energy Technology Cost and Technical Parameter Review",
"publisher": "Aurecon for Australian Energy Market Operator",
"published_date": "2025-05-09",
"confidence": "medium",
"raw_excerpt": "Economic Life (Design Life) Years 20 ... 20 years available at one cycle per day with LFP batteries ... Technical Life (Operational Life) Years 20 Life may potentially be extended to approx. 25 years depending on condition assessment after initial 20-year life.",
"ai_summary": "Aurecon assumes 20-year design and operational life for large-scale LFP BESS, with possible extension to around 25 years subject to assessment."
},
{
"field_name": "major_refurbishment_or_closure_notes",
"value_text": "Battery upgrades may extend life; decommissioning/renewal expected after planned life; decommissioning cost borne by project owner",
"value_numeric": null,
"unit": null,
"source_url": "https://www.benbullenwindfarm.com/content/dam/benbullen/resources/community-updates/Ben%20Bullen%20community%20update%20-%20Apr%202026.pdf",
"source_title": "Ben Bullen Wind Farm Community Update - April 2026",
"publisher": "Alinta Energy / Ben Bullen Wind Farm",
"published_date": "2026-04",
"confidence": "medium",
"raw_excerpt": "What happens after the wind farm’s planned operational life? Decommissioning is something that must be factored into every wind farm... the site will either be restored to its previous land use or the equipment will be upgraded and the wind farm’s operational life extended... Landholders or local government are not liable for decommissioning costs. That cost is borne by the project owner. Alinta Energy are required to provide a decommissioning security report as part of the project’s Development Application.",
"ai_summary": "Project communications describe decommissioning or renewal after planned operational life, owner responsibility for decommissioning costs, and a required decommissioning security report."
},
{
"field_name": "project_status_and_schedule",
"value_text": "Detailed planning; expected construction commencement 2028 and completion 2030",
"value_numeric": null,
"unit": null,
"source_url": "https://infrastructurepipeline.org/project/ben-bullen-wind-farm",
"source_title": "Ben Bullen Wind Farm - Infrastructure Pipeline",
"publisher": "Infrastructure Partnerships Australia / ANZIP",
"published_date": null,
"confidence": "medium",
"raw_excerpt": "PROJECT STATUS Detailed Planning ... Key Dates Jan 2025 Project Announcement; 2028 Expected Construction Commencement; 2030 Expected Construction Completion.",
"ai_summary": "Infrastructure Pipeline indicates the project is in detailed planning, with construction expected to start in 2028 and complete in 2030."
}
],
"warnings": [
"No Ben Bullen BESS-specific capex, O&M, supplier, EPC, financing, augmentation or offtake/charging-cost data was found in public sources; financial fields are benchmark estimates, not reported project values.",
"Capacity conflict: NSW Planning Portal and Infrastructure Pipeline list the BESS as 200 MW / 800 MWh, but the February 2025 SEARs PDF contains a likely erroneous line stating 200 MW / 9000 MWh. This extraction follows the user-provided 200 MW / 800 MWh and the Planning Portal/Infrastructure Pipeline values.",
"Owner/developer conflict or transition: NSW SEARs list Tetris Energy Pty Ltd as proponent, while current project materials state Alinta Energy is developing the project. The owner field is therefore shown as Tetris Energy / Alinta Energy.",
"Capex estimate is based on co-located 200 MW / 800 MWh BESS benchmark costs from Aurecon for AEMO and includes AUD 10 million land/development cost; it does not include any undisclosed project-specific network augmentation, financing, contingency, biodiversity offsets, tax, insurance, augmentation/replacement strategy or owner-specific costs unless captured in the benchmark.",
"Efficiency_pct is battery round-trip efficiency at beginning of life, not thermal efficiency. Heat rate is not applicable.",
"Emissions intensity is direct/regulatory treatment for BESS as zero; it does not include embodied emissions or emissions associated with charging energy from the grid."
]
}
{
"meta": {
"model": "gpt-5.5",
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"raw_text": "{\"generator_identity\":{\"site_name\":\"Ben Bullen BESS\",\"duid\":null,\"owner\":\"Tetris Energy / Alinta Energy\",\"region\":\"NSW\",\"technology_type\":\"Storage - Battery\",\"fuel_type\":\"Other - Other\"},\"financial_profile\":{\"generator_type_normalised\":\"battery\",\"capex_total_aud\":323300000,\"capex_year\":2025,\"capex_basis\":\"estimated\",\"capex_per_mw_aud\":1616500,\"capex_per_mwh_aud\":404125,\"fixed_opex_annual_aud\":2560000,\"fixed_opex_per_mw_year_aud\":12800,\"variable_opex_per_mwh_aud\":null,\"fuel_cost_per_gj_aud\":null,\"fuel_contract_notes\":\"No fuel contract identified. As a BESS, the asset stores and discharges electricity rather than consuming a combustible fuel; charging energy costs would be market/contract dependent and were not disclosed for Ben Bullen.\",\"heat_rate_gj_per_mwh\":null,\"efficiency_pct\":85,\"emissions_intensity_tco2_mwh\":0,\"asset_life_years\":20,\"discount_rate_pct\":null,\"source_confidence\":\"medium\",\"data_status\":\"ai_estimated\",\"notes\":\"Ben Bullen BESS is a proposed co-located battery component of the Ben Bullen Wind Farm. Project-specific capex, O&M, financing, EPC contract, battery supplier, augmentation strategy and revenue/fuel-equivalent charging arrangements were not found in public sources. Capex and O&M values are therefore benchmark estimates for a 200 MW / 800 MWh four-hour lithium-ion BESS co-located with a large renewable installation, using Aurecon's 2024 Energy Technology Cost and Technical Parameter Review for AEMO. Estimated capex uses co-located EPC cost of AUD 313.3 million plus AUD 10.0 million land/development cost. Fixed O&M uses Aurecon's four-hour BESS fixed O&M of AUD 12,800/MW-year, equal to AUD 2.56 million/year for 200 MW; a 20-year extended warranty would add about AUD 1.68 million/year, making all-in fixed O&M plus warranty about AUD 4.24 million/year. Variable O&M is not populated because Aurecon states BESS long-term service agreements are not typically based on fixed/variable costs. Efficiency is round-trip efficiency at beginning of life, not thermal efficiency. Direct emissions intensity is treated as zero under NSW EPA firming-infrastructure treatment for BESS; lifecycle and charging-electricity emissions are not included. Project ownership/development appears to have transitioned: NSW SEARs identify Tetris Energy Pty Ltd as proponent in February 2025, while the current project website and April 2026 community update state Alinta Energy is developing the project. Major closure/refurbishment notes: Aurecon assumes 20-year economic/technical life for large-scale LFP BESS, with possible extension to about 25 years after condition assessment and potential life extension with battery upgrades; inverters may require increased corrective maintenance beyond around 20 years. The Ben Bullen project community update states decommissioning or renewal will occur after planned life and that decommissioning costs are borne by the project owner, with a decommissioning security report required as part of the development application.\"},\"sources\":[{\"field_name\":\"generator_identity.site_name\",\"value_text\":\"Ben Bullen Wind Farm includes a 200 MW / 800 MWh BESS\",\"value_numeric\":null,\"unit\":null,\"source_url\":\"https://www.planningportal.nsw.gov.au/major-projects/projects/ben-bullen-wind-farm\",\"source_title\":\"Ben Bullen Wind Farm | Planning Portal\",\"publisher\":\"NSW Department of Planning and Environment / NSW Planning Portal\",\"published_date\":null,\"confidence\":\"high\",\"raw_excerpt\":\"The construction, operation and decommissioning of a wind farm with an estimated capacity of 500 megawatts, up to 64 turbines with a maximum height of 252 metres (to blade tip), a 200MW / 800 MWh BESS, and associated infrastructure.\",\"ai_summary\":\"Official NSW planning page confirms the Ben Bullen project scope includes a 200 MW / 800 MWh battery energy storage system.\"},{\"field_name\":\"generator_identity.owner\",\"value_text\":\"Tetris Energy Pty Ltd listed as proponent; current project materials state Alinta Energy is developing the project\",\"value_numeric\":null,\"unit\":null,\"source_url\":\"https://www.benbullenwindfarm.com/content/dam/benbullen/resources/sears/SEARs.pdf\",\"source_title\":\"Planning Secretary’s Environmental Assessment Requirements - Ben Bullen Wind Farm\",\"publisher\":\"NSW Department of Planning, Housing and Infrastructure\",\"published_date\":\"2025-02-14\",\"confidence\":\"medium\",\"raw_excerpt\":\"Application Number SSD-79294216 ... Project Ben Bullen Wind Farm ... Proponent Tetris Energy Pty Ltd ... Date of Issue 14/02/2025.\",\"ai_summary\":\"The NSW SEARs identify Tetris Energy Pty Ltd as the proponent for the State Significant Development application.\"},{\"field_name\":\"generator_identity.owner\",\"value_text\":\"Alinta Energy is developing the Ben Bullen Wind Farm project\",\"value_numeric\":null,\"unit\":null,\"source_url\":\"https://www.benbullenwindfarm.com/content/dam/benbullen/resources/community-updates/Ben%20Bullen%20community%20update%20-%20Apr%202026.pdf\",\"source_title\":\"Ben Bullen Wind Farm Community Update - April 2026\",\"publisher\":\"Alinta Energy / Ben Bullen Wind Farm\",\"published_date\":\"2026-04\",\"confidence\":\"medium\",\"raw_excerpt\":\"Alinta Energy is developing the Ben Bullen Wind Farm project in the Lithgow City Council area.\",\"ai_summary\":\"Current project communication indicates Alinta Energy is now developing the Ben Bullen project.\"},{\"field_name\":\"capacity_mw\",\"value_text\":\"200 MW / 800 MWh battery\",\"value_numeric\":200,\"unit\":\"MW\",\"source_url\":\"https://infrastructurepipeline.org/project/ben-bullen-wind-farm\",\"source_title\":\"Ben Bullen Wind Farm - Infrastructure Pipeline\",\"publisher\":\"Infrastructure Partnerships Australia / ANZIP\",\"published_date\":null,\"confidence\":\"medium\",\"raw_excerpt\":\"The scope includes: a 500-megawatt wind farm comprising 64 wind turbines; a 200-megawatt / 800-megawatt hour battery; and an onsite substation.\",\"ai_summary\":\"Infrastructure Pipeline confirms the battery size as 200 MW / 800 MWh and identifies Tetris Energy as procuring agency.\"},{\"field_name\":\"capex_total_aud\",\"value_text\":\"Estimated from Aurecon benchmark: AUD 313.3M co-located EPC cost for 200 MW / 800 MWh BESS plus AUD 10.0M land/development cost\",\"value_numeric\":323300000,\"unit\":\"AUD\",\"source_url\":\"https://www.aemo.com.au/-/media/files/stakeholder_consultation/consultations/nem-consultations/2024/2025-iasr-scenarios/final-docs/aurecon-2024-energy-technology-cost-technical-parameter-review-report.pdf\",\"source_title\":\"2024 Energy Technology Cost and Technical Parameter Review\",\"publisher\":\"Aurecon for Australian Energy Market Operator\",\"published_date\":\"2025-05-09\",\"confidence\":\"medium\",\"raw_excerpt\":\"CAPEX – EPC cost for 200 MW BESS (co-located with large renewable installation) ... Total EPC cost $M ... 4 hours 313.3 ... Other costs Cost of land and development $ 10,000,000.\",\"ai_summary\":\"Aurecon provides a benchmark co-located 200 MW four-hour BESS EPC estimate of AUD 313.3 million and a separate AUD 10 million land/development cost. This is used as an estimate because Ben Bullen-specific capex was not publicly disclosed.\"},{\"field_name\":\"capex_per_mw_aud\",\"value_text\":\"Derived estimate: AUD 323.3M / 200 MW\",\"value_numeric\":1616500,\"unit\":\"AUD/MW\",\"source_url\":\"https://www.aemo.com.au/-/media/files/stakeholder_consultation/consultations/nem-consultations/2024/2025-iasr-scenarios/final-docs/aurecon-2024-energy-technology-cost-technical-parameter-review-report.pdf\",\"source_title\":\"2024 Energy Technology Cost and Technical Parameter Review\",\"publisher\":\"Aurecon for Australian Energy Market Operator\",\"published_date\":\"2025-05-09\",\"confidence\":\"medium\",\"raw_excerpt\":\"Power Capacity (gross) MW 200 ... Energy Capacity MWh ... 4 hours 800 ... Total EPC cost $M ... 4 hours 313.3 ... Cost of land and development $ 10,000,000.\",\"ai_summary\":\"Unit capex is calculated by dividing the estimated total capex including land/development by 200 MW.\"},{\"field_name\":\"capex_per_mwh_aud\",\"value_text\":\"Derived estimate: AUD 323.3M / 800 MWh\",\"value_numeric\":404125,\"unit\":\"AUD/MWh\",\"source_url\":\"https://www.aemo.com.au/-/media/files/stakeholder_consultation/consultations/nem-consultations/2024/2025-iasr-scenarios/final-docs/aurecon-2024-energy-technology-cost-technical-parameter-review-report.pdf\",\"source_title\":\"2024 Energy Technology Cost and Technical Parameter Review\",\"publisher\":\"Aurecon for Australian Energy Market Operator\",\"published_date\":\"2025-05-09\",\"confidence\":\"medium\",\"raw_excerpt\":\"Power Capacity (gross) MW 200 ... Energy Capacity MWh 200 400 800 1,600 ... Total EPC cost $M ... 4 hours 313.3 ... Cost of land and development $ 10,000,000.\",\"ai_summary\":\"Unit energy capex is calculated by dividing the estimated total capex including land/development by 800 MWh.\"},{\"field_name\":\"fixed_opex_annual_aud\",\"value_text\":\"AUD 2.56M/year fixed O&M for 4-hour 200 MW BESS, excluding extended warranties\",\"value_numeric\":2560000,\"unit\":\"AUD\",\"source_url\":\"https://www.aemo.com.au/-/media/files/stakeholder_consultation/consultations/nem-consultations/2024/2025-iasr-scenarios/final-docs/aurecon-2024-energy-technology-cost-technical-parameter-review-report.pdf\",\"source_title\":\"2024 Energy Technology Cost and Technical Parameter Review\",\"publisher\":\"Aurecon for Australian Energy Market Operator\",\"published_date\":\"2025-05-09\",\"confidence\":\"medium\",\"raw_excerpt\":\"OPEX – Annual Fixed O&M Cost $/MW (Net) ... 4 hours 12,800 ... Total annual O&M Cost (excluding extended warranties) $k ... 4 hours 2,560.\",\"ai_summary\":\"Aurecon benchmark fixed O&M for a 4-hour 200 MW BESS is AUD 12,800/MW-year, totaling AUD 2.56 million/year excluding extended warranties.\"},{\"field_name\":\"fixed_opex_per_mw_year_aud\",\"value_text\":\"AUD 12,800/MW-year fixed O&M for 4-hour BESS\",\"value_numeric\":12800,\"unit\":\"AUD/MW/yr\",\"source_url\":\"https://www.aemo.com.au/-/media/files/stakeholder_consultation/consultations/nem-consultations/2024/2025-iasr-scenarios/final-docs/aurecon-2024-energy-technology-cost-technical-parameter-review-report.pdf\",\"source_title\":\"2024 Energy Technology Cost and Technical Parameter Review\",\"publisher\":\"Aurecon for Australian Energy Market Operator\",\"published_date\":\"2025-05-09\",\"confidence\":\"medium\",\"raw_excerpt\":\"OPEX – Annual Fixed O&M Cost $/MW (Net) 5,400 8,000 12,800 22,500 Provided on $/MW basis for input into GenCost template only.\",\"ai_summary\":\"The 4-hour BESS fixed O&M benchmark is AUD 12,800/MW-year.\"},{\"field_name\":\"fixed_opex_annual_aud_extended_warranty_note\",\"value_text\":\"Extended warranty adds AUD 1.68M/year; fixed O&M plus extended warranties totals AUD 4.24M/year\",\"value_numeric\":4240000,\"unit\":\"AUD\",\"source_url\":\"https://www.aemo.com.au/-/media/files/stakeholder_consultation/consultations/nem-consultations/2024/2025-iasr-scenarios/final-docs/aurecon-2024-energy-technology-cost-technical-parameter-review-report.pdf\",\"source_title\":\"2024 Energy Technology Cost and Technical Parameter Review\",\"publisher\":\"Aurecon for Australian Energy Market Operator\",\"published_date\":\"2025-05-09\",\"confidence\":\"medium\",\"raw_excerpt\":\"Extended warranty (20-year battery life) $/MW (Net) ... 4 hours 8,400 ... Total annual O&M Cost (extended warranties) $k ... 4 hours 1,680 ... Total annual O&M Cost (Fixed O&M + extended warranties) $k ... 4 hours 4,240.\",\"ai_summary\":\"If a 20-year extended battery warranty is included, estimated annual O&M-related cost increases from AUD 2.56 million to AUD 4.24 million.\"},{\"field_name\":\"variable_opex_per_mwh_aud\",\"value_text\":\"Not applicable / not disclosed; BESS service agreements not typically fixed-variable\",\"value_numeric\":null,\"unit\":\"AUD/MWh\",\"source_url\":\"https://www.aemo.com.au/-/media/files/stakeholder_consultation/consultations/nem-consultations/2024/2025-iasr-scenarios/final-docs/aurecon-2024-energy-technology-cost-technical-parameter-review-report.pdf\",\"source_title\":\"2024 Energy Technology Cost and Technical Parameter Review\",\"publisher\":\"Aurecon for Australian Energy Market Operator\",\"published_date\":\"2025-05-09\",\"confidence\":\"medium\",\"raw_excerpt\":\"Variable O&M Cost $/MWh (Net) - - - - BESS long term service agreements not typically based on fixed / variable.\",\"ai_summary\":\"Aurecon does not provide a variable O&M value for BESS, noting service agreements are not typically structured on a fixed/variable basis.\"},{\"field_name\":\"fuel_cost_per_gj_aud\",\"value_text\":\"No combustible fuel; BESS stores electricity\",\"value_numeric\":null,\"unit\":\"AUD/GJ\",\"source_url\":\"https://www.planningportal.nsw.gov.au/major-projects/projects/ben-bullen-wind-farm\",\"source_title\":\"Ben Bullen Wind Farm | Planning Portal\",\"publisher\":\"NSW Department of Planning and Environment / NSW Planning Portal\",\"published_date\":null,\"confidence\":\"high\",\"raw_excerpt\":\"The construction, operation and decommissioning of a wind farm ... a 200MW / 800 MWh BESS, and associated infrastructure.\",\"ai_summary\":\"The asset is a battery storage system, so no fuel cost per GJ is applicable; charging electricity cost is market-dependent and not publicly disclosed.\"},{\"field_name\":\"efficiency_pct\",\"value_text\":\"Beginning-of-life round-trip efficiency for 4-hour BESS\",\"value_numeric\":85,\"unit\":\"%\",\"source_url\":\"https://www.aemo.com.au/-/media/files/stakeholder_consultation/consultations/nem-consultations/2024/2025-iasr-scenarios/final-docs/aurecon-2024-energy-technology-cost-technical-parameter-review-report.pdf\",\"source_title\":\"2024 Energy Technology Cost and Technical Parameter Review\",\"publisher\":\"Aurecon for Australian Energy Market Operator\",\"published_date\":\"2025-05-09\",\"confidence\":\"medium\",\"raw_excerpt\":\"Round trip efficiency (Beginning of Life [BOL]) % 84 84 85 85 Typical round trip efficiency (@ BOL), at the point of connection (including auxiliaries), for a full cycle of charge and discharge.\",\"ai_summary\":\"Aurecon assumes 85% beginning-of-life round-trip efficiency at point of connection for a four-hour lithium-ion BESS.\"},{\"field_name\":\"heat_rate_gj_per_mwh\",\"value_text\":\"Not applicable to electrochemical storage\",\"value_numeric\":null,\"unit\":\"GJ/MWh\",\"source_url\":\"https://www.aemo.com.au/-/media/files/stakeholder_consultation/consultations/nem-consultations/2024/2025-iasr-scenarios/final-docs/aurecon-2024-energy-technology-cost-technical-parameter-review-report.pdf\",\"source_title\":\"2024 Energy Technology Cost and Technical Parameter Review\",\"publisher\":\"Aurecon for Australian Energy Market Operator\",\"published_date\":\"2025-05-09\",\"confidence\":\"medium\",\"raw_excerpt\":\"Technology Li-ion ... Energy Capacity MWh 200 400 800 1,600 ... Round trip efficiency ... 85.\",\"ai_summary\":\"A lithium-ion BESS does not have a thermal heat rate; round-trip efficiency is the relevant efficiency metric.\"},{\"field_name\":\"emissions_intensity_tco2_mwh\",\"value_text\":\"BESS emissions taken to be zero under NSW regulation treatment for firming infrastructure\",\"value_numeric\":0,\"unit\":\"tCO2/MWh\",\"source_url\":\"https://www.epa.nsw.gov.au/Your-environment/Climate-change/Firming-infrastructure/Greenhouse-gas-emissions-intensity-of-the-NSW-electricity-grid\",\"source_title\":\"Greenhouse gas emissions intensity of the NSW electricity grid\",\"publisher\":\"NSW Environment Protection Authority\",\"published_date\":\"2026\",\"confidence\":\"high\",\"raw_excerpt\":\"The EPA does not need to calculate the emissions intensity for battery energy storage systems (BESS) because they don’t generate emissions, they just store electricity. In accordance with the Regulation, their emissions are taken to be zero.\",\"ai_summary\":\"For NSW firming infrastructure treatment, BESS emissions intensity is taken as zero because batteries store electricity and do not generate emissions on site.\"},{\"field_name\":\"asset_life_years\",\"value_text\":\"20-year large-scale LFP BESS economic and technical life; possible extension to ~25 years after condition assessment\",\"value_numeric\":20,\"unit\":\"years\",\"source_url\":\"https://www.aemo.com.au/-/media/files/stakeholder_consultation/consultations/nem-consultations/2024/2025-iasr-scenarios/final-docs/aurecon-2024-energy-technology-cost-technical-parameter-review-report.pdf\",\"source_title\":\"2024 Energy Technology Cost and Technical Parameter Review\",\"publisher\":\"Aurecon for Australian Energy Market Operator\",\"published_date\":\"2025-05-09\",\"confidence\":\"medium\",\"raw_excerpt\":\"Economic Life (Design Life) Years 20 ... 20 years available at one cycle per day with LFP batteries ... Technical Life (Operational Life) Years 20 Life may potentially be extended to approx. 25 years depending on condition assessment after initial 20-year life.\",\"ai_summary\":\"Aurecon assumes 20-year design and operational life for large-scale LFP BESS, with possible extension to around 25 years subject to assessment.\"},{\"field_name\":\"major_refurbishment_or_closure_notes\",\"value_text\":\"Battery upgrades may extend life; decommissioning/renewal expected after planned life; decommissioning cost borne by project owner\",\"value_numeric\":null,\"unit\":null,\"source_url\":\"https://www.benbullenwindfarm.com/content/dam/benbullen/resources/community-updates/Ben%20Bullen%20community%20update%20-%20Apr%202026.pdf\",\"source_title\":\"Ben Bullen Wind Farm Community Update - April 2026\",\"publisher\":\"Alinta Energy / Ben Bullen Wind Farm\",\"published_date\":\"2026-04\",\"confidence\":\"medium\",\"raw_excerpt\":\"What happens after the wind farm’s planned operational life? Decommissioning is something that must be factored into every wind farm... the site will either be restored to its previous land use or the equipment will be upgraded and the wind farm’s operational life extended... Landholders or local government are not liable for decommissioning costs. That cost is borne by the project owner. Alinta Energy are required to provide a decommissioning security report as part of the project’s Development Application.\",\"ai_summary\":\"Project communications describe decommissioning or renewal after planned operational life, owner responsibility for decommissioning costs, and a required decommissioning security report.\"},{\"field_name\":\"project_status_and_schedule\",\"value_text\":\"Detailed planning; expected construction commencement 2028 and completion 2030\",\"value_numeric\":null,\"unit\":null,\"source_url\":\"https://infrastructurepipeline.org/project/ben-bullen-wind-farm\",\"source_title\":\"Ben Bullen Wind Farm - Infrastructure Pipeline\",\"publisher\":\"Infrastructure Partnerships Australia / ANZIP\",\"published_date\":null,\"confidence\":\"medium\",\"raw_excerpt\":\"PROJECT STATUS Detailed Planning ... Key Dates Jan 2025 Project Announcement; 2028 Expected Construction Commencement; 2030 Expected Construction Completion.\",\"ai_summary\":\"Infrastructure Pipeline indicates the project is in detailed planning, with construction expected to start in 2028 and complete in 2030.\"}],\"warnings\":[\"No Ben Bullen BESS-specific capex, O&M, supplier, EPC, financing, augmentation or offtake/charging-cost data was found in public sources; financial fields are benchmark estimates, not reported project values.\",\"Capacity conflict: NSW Planning Portal and Infrastructure Pipeline list the BESS as 200 MW / 800 MWh, but the February 2025 SEARs PDF contains a likely erroneous line stating 200 MW / 9000 MWh. This extraction follows the user-provided 200 MW / 800 MWh and the Planning Portal/Infrastructure Pipeline values.\",\"Owner/developer conflict or transition: NSW SEARs list Tetris Energy Pty Ltd as proponent, while current project materials state Alinta Energy is developing the project. The owner field is therefore shown as Tetris Energy / Alinta Energy.\",\"Capex estimate is based on co-located 200 MW / 800 MWh BESS benchmark costs from Aurecon for AEMO and includes AUD 10 million land/development cost; it does not include any undisclosed project-specific network augmentation, financing, contingency, biodiversity offsets, tax, insurance, augmentation/replacement strategy or owner-specific costs unless captured in the benchmark.\",\"Efficiency_pct is battery round-trip efficiency at beginning of life, not thermal efficiency. Heat rate is not applicable.\",\"Emissions intensity is direct/regulatory treatment for BESS as zero; it does not include embodied emissions or emissions associated with charging energy from the grid.\"]}",
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"text": "{\"generator_identity\":{\"site_name\":\"Ben Bullen BESS\",\"duid\":null,\"owner\":\"Tetris Energy / Alinta Energy\",\"region\":\"NSW\",\"technology_type\":\"Storage - Battery\",\"fuel_type\":\"Other - Other\"},\"financial_profile\":{\"generator_type_normalised\":\"battery\",\"capex_total_aud\":323300000,\"capex_year\":2025,\"capex_basis\":\"estimated\",\"capex_per_mw_aud\":1616500,\"capex_per_mwh_aud\":404125,\"fixed_opex_annual_aud\":2560000,\"fixed_opex_per_mw_year_aud\":12800,\"variable_opex_per_mwh_aud\":null,\"fuel_cost_per_gj_aud\":null,\"fuel_contract_notes\":\"No fuel contract identified. As a BESS, the asset stores and discharges electricity rather than consuming a combustible fuel; charging energy costs would be market/contract dependent and were not disclosed for Ben Bullen.\",\"heat_rate_gj_per_mwh\":null,\"efficiency_pct\":85,\"emissions_intensity_tco2_mwh\":0,\"asset_life_years\":20,\"discount_rate_pct\":null,\"source_confidence\":\"medium\",\"data_status\":\"ai_estimated\",\"notes\":\"Ben Bullen BESS is a proposed co-located battery component of the Ben Bullen Wind Farm. Project-specific capex, O&M, financing, EPC contract, battery supplier, augmentation strategy and revenue/fuel-equivalent charging arrangements were not found in public sources. Capex and O&M values are therefore benchmark estimates for a 200 MW / 800 MWh four-hour lithium-ion BESS co-located with a large renewable installation, using Aurecon's 2024 Energy Technology Cost and Technical Parameter Review for AEMO. Estimated capex uses co-located EPC cost of AUD 313.3 million plus AUD 10.0 million land/development cost. Fixed O&M uses Aurecon's four-hour BESS fixed O&M of AUD 12,800/MW-year, equal to AUD 2.56 million/year for 200 MW; a 20-year extended warranty would add about AUD 1.68 million/year, making all-in fixed O&M plus warranty about AUD 4.24 million/year. Variable O&M is not populated because Aurecon states BESS long-term service agreements are not typically based on fixed/variable costs. Efficiency is round-trip efficiency at beginning of life, not thermal efficiency. Direct emissions intensity is treated as zero under NSW EPA firming-infrastructure treatment for BESS; lifecycle and charging-electricity emissions are not included. Project ownership/development appears to have transitioned: NSW SEARs identify Tetris Energy Pty Ltd as proponent in February 2025, while the current project website and April 2026 community update state Alinta Energy is developing the project. Major closure/refurbishment notes: Aurecon assumes 20-year economic/technical life for large-scale LFP BESS, with possible extension to about 25 years after condition assessment and potential life extension with battery upgrades; inverters may require increased corrective maintenance beyond around 20 years. The Ben Bullen project community update states decommissioning or renewal will occur after planned life and that decommissioning costs are borne by the project owner, with a decommissioning security report required as part of the development application.\"},\"sources\":[{\"field_name\":\"generator_identity.site_name\",\"value_text\":\"Ben Bullen Wind Farm includes a 200 MW / 800 MWh BESS\",\"value_numeric\":null,\"unit\":null,\"source_url\":\"https://www.planningportal.nsw.gov.au/major-projects/projects/ben-bullen-wind-farm\",\"source_title\":\"Ben Bullen Wind Farm | Planning Portal\",\"publisher\":\"NSW Department of Planning and Environment / NSW Planning Portal\",\"published_date\":null,\"confidence\":\"high\",\"raw_excerpt\":\"The construction, operation and decommissioning of a wind farm with an estimated capacity of 500 megawatts, up to 64 turbines with a maximum height of 252 metres (to blade tip), a 200MW / 800 MWh BESS, and associated infrastructure.\",\"ai_summary\":\"Official NSW planning page confirms the Ben Bullen project scope includes a 200 MW / 800 MWh battery energy storage system.\"},{\"field_name\":\"generator_identity.owner\",\"value_text\":\"Tetris Energy Pty Ltd listed as proponent; current project materials state Alinta Energy is developing the project\",\"value_numeric\":null,\"unit\":null,\"source_url\":\"https://www.benbullenwindfarm.com/content/dam/benbullen/resources/sears/SEARs.pdf\",\"source_title\":\"Planning Secretary’s Environmental Assessment Requirements - Ben Bullen Wind Farm\",\"publisher\":\"NSW Department of Planning, Housing and Infrastructure\",\"published_date\":\"2025-02-14\",\"confidence\":\"medium\",\"raw_excerpt\":\"Application Number SSD-79294216 ... Project Ben Bullen Wind Farm ... Proponent Tetris Energy Pty Ltd ... Date of Issue 14/02/2025.\",\"ai_summary\":\"The NSW SEARs identify Tetris Energy Pty Ltd as the proponent for the State Significant Development application.\"},{\"field_name\":\"generator_identity.owner\",\"value_text\":\"Alinta Energy is developing the Ben Bullen Wind Farm project\",\"value_numeric\":null,\"unit\":null,\"source_url\":\"https://www.benbullenwindfarm.com/content/dam/benbullen/resources/community-updates/Ben%20Bullen%20community%20update%20-%20Apr%202026.pdf\",\"source_title\":\"Ben Bullen Wind Farm Community Update - April 2026\",\"publisher\":\"Alinta Energy / Ben Bullen Wind Farm\",\"published_date\":\"2026-04\",\"confidence\":\"medium\",\"raw_excerpt\":\"Alinta Energy is developing the Ben Bullen Wind Farm project in the Lithgow City Council area.\",\"ai_summary\":\"Current project communication indicates Alinta Energy is now developing the Ben Bullen project.\"},{\"field_name\":\"capacity_mw\",\"value_text\":\"200 MW / 800 MWh battery\",\"value_numeric\":200,\"unit\":\"MW\",\"source_url\":\"https://infrastructurepipeline.org/project/ben-bullen-wind-farm\",\"source_title\":\"Ben Bullen Wind Farm - Infrastructure Pipeline\",\"publisher\":\"Infrastructure Partnerships Australia / ANZIP\",\"published_date\":null,\"confidence\":\"medium\",\"raw_excerpt\":\"The scope includes: a 500-megawatt wind farm comprising 64 wind turbines; a 200-megawatt / 800-megawatt hour battery; and an onsite substation.\",\"ai_summary\":\"Infrastructure Pipeline confirms the battery size as 200 MW / 800 MWh and identifies Tetris Energy as procuring agency.\"},{\"field_name\":\"capex_total_aud\",\"value_text\":\"Estimated from Aurecon benchmark: AUD 313.3M co-located EPC cost for 200 MW / 800 MWh BESS plus AUD 10.0M land/development cost\",\"value_numeric\":323300000,\"unit\":\"AUD\",\"source_url\":\"https://www.aemo.com.au/-/media/files/stakeholder_consultation/consultations/nem-consultations/2024/2025-iasr-scenarios/final-docs/aurecon-2024-energy-technology-cost-technical-parameter-review-report.pdf\",\"source_title\":\"2024 Energy Technology Cost and Technical Parameter Review\",\"publisher\":\"Aurecon for Australian Energy Market Operator\",\"published_date\":\"2025-05-09\",\"confidence\":\"medium\",\"raw_excerpt\":\"CAPEX – EPC cost for 200 MW BESS (co-located with large renewable installation) ... Total EPC cost $M ... 4 hours 313.3 ... Other costs Cost of land and development $ 10,000,000.\",\"ai_summary\":\"Aurecon provides a benchmark co-located 200 MW four-hour BESS EPC estimate of AUD 313.3 million and a separate AUD 10 million land/development cost. This is used as an estimate because Ben Bullen-specific capex was not publicly disclosed.\"},{\"field_name\":\"capex_per_mw_aud\",\"value_text\":\"Derived estimate: AUD 323.3M / 200 MW\",\"value_numeric\":1616500,\"unit\":\"AUD/MW\",\"source_url\":\"https://www.aemo.com.au/-/media/files/stakeholder_consultation/consultations/nem-consultations/2024/2025-iasr-scenarios/final-docs/aurecon-2024-energy-technology-cost-technical-parameter-review-report.pdf\",\"source_title\":\"2024 Energy Technology Cost and Technical Parameter Review\",\"publisher\":\"Aurecon for Australian Energy Market Operator\",\"published_date\":\"2025-05-09\",\"confidence\":\"medium\",\"raw_excerpt\":\"Power Capacity (gross) MW 200 ... Energy Capacity MWh ... 4 hours 800 ... Total EPC cost $M ... 4 hours 313.3 ... Cost of land and development $ 10,000,000.\",\"ai_summary\":\"Unit capex is calculated by dividing the estimated total capex including land/development by 200 MW.\"},{\"field_name\":\"capex_per_mwh_aud\",\"value_text\":\"Derived estimate: AUD 323.3M / 800 MWh\",\"value_numeric\":404125,\"unit\":\"AUD/MWh\",\"source_url\":\"https://www.aemo.com.au/-/media/files/stakeholder_consultation/consultations/nem-consultations/2024/2025-iasr-scenarios/final-docs/aurecon-2024-energy-technology-cost-technical-parameter-review-report.pdf\",\"source_title\":\"2024 Energy Technology Cost and Technical Parameter Review\",\"publisher\":\"Aurecon for Australian Energy Market Operator\",\"published_date\":\"2025-05-09\",\"confidence\":\"medium\",\"raw_excerpt\":\"Power Capacity (gross) MW 200 ... Energy Capacity MWh 200 400 800 1,600 ... Total EPC cost $M ... 4 hours 313.3 ... Cost of land and development $ 10,000,000.\",\"ai_summary\":\"Unit energy capex is calculated by dividing the estimated total capex including land/development by 800 MWh.\"},{\"field_name\":\"fixed_opex_annual_aud\",\"value_text\":\"AUD 2.56M/year fixed O&M for 4-hour 200 MW BESS, excluding extended warranties\",\"value_numeric\":2560000,\"unit\":\"AUD\",\"source_url\":\"https://www.aemo.com.au/-/media/files/stakeholder_consultation/consultations/nem-consultations/2024/2025-iasr-scenarios/final-docs/aurecon-2024-energy-technology-cost-technical-parameter-review-report.pdf\",\"source_title\":\"2024 Energy Technology Cost and Technical Parameter Review\",\"publisher\":\"Aurecon for Australian Energy Market Operator\",\"published_date\":\"2025-05-09\",\"confidence\":\"medium\",\"raw_excerpt\":\"OPEX – Annual Fixed O&M Cost $/MW (Net) ... 4 hours 12,800 ... Total annual O&M Cost (excluding extended warranties) $k ... 4 hours 2,560.\",\"ai_summary\":\"Aurecon benchmark fixed O&M for a 4-hour 200 MW BESS is AUD 12,800/MW-year, totaling AUD 2.56 million/year excluding extended warranties.\"},{\"field_name\":\"fixed_opex_per_mw_year_aud\",\"value_text\":\"AUD 12,800/MW-year fixed O&M for 4-hour BESS\",\"value_numeric\":12800,\"unit\":\"AUD/MW/yr\",\"source_url\":\"https://www.aemo.com.au/-/media/files/stakeholder_consultation/consultations/nem-consultations/2024/2025-iasr-scenarios/final-docs/aurecon-2024-energy-technology-cost-technical-parameter-review-report.pdf\",\"source_title\":\"2024 Energy Technology Cost and Technical Parameter Review\",\"publisher\":\"Aurecon for Australian Energy Market Operator\",\"published_date\":\"2025-05-09\",\"confidence\":\"medium\",\"raw_excerpt\":\"OPEX – Annual Fixed O&M Cost $/MW (Net) 5,400 8,000 12,800 22,500 Provided on $/MW basis for input into GenCost template only.\",\"ai_summary\":\"The 4-hour BESS fixed O&M benchmark is AUD 12,800/MW-year.\"},{\"field_name\":\"fixed_opex_annual_aud_extended_warranty_note\",\"value_text\":\"Extended warranty adds AUD 1.68M/year; fixed O&M plus extended warranties totals AUD 4.24M/year\",\"value_numeric\":4240000,\"unit\":\"AUD\",\"source_url\":\"https://www.aemo.com.au/-/media/files/stakeholder_consultation/consultations/nem-consultations/2024/2025-iasr-scenarios/final-docs/aurecon-2024-energy-technology-cost-technical-parameter-review-report.pdf\",\"source_title\":\"2024 Energy Technology Cost and Technical Parameter Review\",\"publisher\":\"Aurecon for Australian Energy Market Operator\",\"published_date\":\"2025-05-09\",\"confidence\":\"medium\",\"raw_excerpt\":\"Extended warranty (20-year battery life) $/MW (Net) ... 4 hours 8,400 ... Total annual O&M Cost (extended warranties) $k ... 4 hours 1,680 ... Total annual O&M Cost (Fixed O&M + extended warranties) $k ... 4 hours 4,240.\",\"ai_summary\":\"If a 20-year extended battery warranty is included, estimated annual O&M-related cost increases from AUD 2.56 million to AUD 4.24 million.\"},{\"field_name\":\"variable_opex_per_mwh_aud\",\"value_text\":\"Not applicable / not disclosed; BESS service agreements not typically fixed-variable\",\"value_numeric\":null,\"unit\":\"AUD/MWh\",\"source_url\":\"https://www.aemo.com.au/-/media/files/stakeholder_consultation/consultations/nem-consultations/2024/2025-iasr-scenarios/final-docs/aurecon-2024-energy-technology-cost-technical-parameter-review-report.pdf\",\"source_title\":\"2024 Energy Technology Cost and Technical Parameter Review\",\"publisher\":\"Aurecon for Australian Energy Market Operator\",\"published_date\":\"2025-05-09\",\"confidence\":\"medium\",\"raw_excerpt\":\"Variable O&M Cost $/MWh (Net) - - - - BESS long term service agreements not typically based on fixed / variable.\",\"ai_summary\":\"Aurecon does not provide a variable O&M value for BESS, noting service agreements are not typically structured on a fixed/variable basis.\"},{\"field_name\":\"fuel_cost_per_gj_aud\",\"value_text\":\"No combustible fuel; BESS stores electricity\",\"value_numeric\":null,\"unit\":\"AUD/GJ\",\"source_url\":\"https://www.planningportal.nsw.gov.au/major-projects/projects/ben-bullen-wind-farm\",\"source_title\":\"Ben Bullen Wind Farm | Planning Portal\",\"publisher\":\"NSW Department of Planning and Environment / NSW Planning Portal\",\"published_date\":null,\"confidence\":\"high\",\"raw_excerpt\":\"The construction, operation and decommissioning of a wind farm ... a 200MW / 800 MWh BESS, and associated infrastructure.\",\"ai_summary\":\"The asset is a battery storage system, so no fuel cost per GJ is applicable; charging electricity cost is market-dependent and not publicly disclosed.\"},{\"field_name\":\"efficiency_pct\",\"value_text\":\"Beginning-of-life round-trip efficiency for 4-hour BESS\",\"value_numeric\":85,\"unit\":\"%\",\"source_url\":\"https://www.aemo.com.au/-/media/files/stakeholder_consultation/consultations/nem-consultations/2024/2025-iasr-scenarios/final-docs/aurecon-2024-energy-technology-cost-technical-parameter-review-report.pdf\",\"source_title\":\"2024 Energy Technology Cost and Technical Parameter Review\",\"publisher\":\"Aurecon for Australian Energy Market Operator\",\"published_date\":\"2025-05-09\",\"confidence\":\"medium\",\"raw_excerpt\":\"Round trip efficiency (Beginning of Life [BOL]) % 84 84 85 85 Typical round trip efficiency (@ BOL), at the point of connection (including auxiliaries), for a full cycle of charge and discharge.\",\"ai_summary\":\"Aurecon assumes 85% beginning-of-life round-trip efficiency at point of connection for a four-hour lithium-ion BESS.\"},{\"field_name\":\"heat_rate_gj_per_mwh\",\"value_text\":\"Not applicable to electrochemical storage\",\"value_numeric\":null,\"unit\":\"GJ/MWh\",\"source_url\":\"https://www.aemo.com.au/-/media/files/stakeholder_consultation/consultations/nem-consultations/2024/2025-iasr-scenarios/final-docs/aurecon-2024-energy-technology-cost-technical-parameter-review-report.pdf\",\"source_title\":\"2024 Energy Technology Cost and Technical Parameter Review\",\"publisher\":\"Aurecon for Australian Energy Market Operator\",\"published_date\":\"2025-05-09\",\"confidence\":\"medium\",\"raw_excerpt\":\"Technology Li-ion ... Energy Capacity MWh 200 400 800 1,600 ... Round trip efficiency ... 85.\",\"ai_summary\":\"A lithium-ion BESS does not have a thermal heat rate; round-trip efficiency is the relevant efficiency metric.\"},{\"field_name\":\"emissions_intensity_tco2_mwh\",\"value_text\":\"BESS emissions taken to be zero under NSW regulation treatment for firming infrastructure\",\"value_numeric\":0,\"unit\":\"tCO2/MWh\",\"source_url\":\"https://www.epa.nsw.gov.au/Your-environment/Climate-change/Firming-infrastructure/Greenhouse-gas-emissions-intensity-of-the-NSW-electricity-grid\",\"source_title\":\"Greenhouse gas emissions intensity of the NSW electricity grid\",\"publisher\":\"NSW Environment Protection Authority\",\"published_date\":\"2026\",\"confidence\":\"high\",\"raw_excerpt\":\"The EPA does not need to calculate the emissions intensity for battery energy storage systems (BESS) because they don’t generate emissions, they just store electricity. In accordance with the Regulation, their emissions are taken to be zero.\",\"ai_summary\":\"For NSW firming infrastructure treatment, BESS emissions intensity is taken as zero because batteries store electricity and do not generate emissions on site.\"},{\"field_name\":\"asset_life_years\",\"value_text\":\"20-year large-scale LFP BESS economic and technical life; possible extension to ~25 years after condition assessment\",\"value_numeric\":20,\"unit\":\"years\",\"source_url\":\"https://www.aemo.com.au/-/media/files/stakeholder_consultation/consultations/nem-consultations/2024/2025-iasr-scenarios/final-docs/aurecon-2024-energy-technology-cost-technical-parameter-review-report.pdf\",\"source_title\":\"2024 Energy Technology Cost and Technical Parameter Review\",\"publisher\":\"Aurecon for Australian Energy Market Operator\",\"published_date\":\"2025-05-09\",\"confidence\":\"medium\",\"raw_excerpt\":\"Economic Life (Design Life) Years 20 ... 20 years available at one cycle per day with LFP batteries ... Technical Life (Operational Life) Years 20 Life may potentially be extended to approx. 25 years depending on condition assessment after initial 20-year life.\",\"ai_summary\":\"Aurecon assumes 20-year design and operational life for large-scale LFP BESS, with possible extension to around 25 years subject to assessment.\"},{\"field_name\":\"major_refurbishment_or_closure_notes\",\"value_text\":\"Battery upgrades may extend life; decommissioning/renewal expected after planned life; decommissioning cost borne by project owner\",\"value_numeric\":null,\"unit\":null,\"source_url\":\"https://www.benbullenwindfarm.com/content/dam/benbullen/resources/community-updates/Ben%20Bullen%20community%20update%20-%20Apr%202026.pdf\",\"source_title\":\"Ben Bullen Wind Farm Community Update - April 2026\",\"publisher\":\"Alinta Energy / Ben Bullen Wind Farm\",\"published_date\":\"2026-04\",\"confidence\":\"medium\",\"raw_excerpt\":\"What happens after the wind farm’s planned operational life? Decommissioning is something that must be factored into every wind farm... the site will either be restored to its previous land use or the equipment will be upgraded and the wind farm’s operational life extended... Landholders or local government are not liable for decommissioning costs. That cost is borne by the project owner. Alinta Energy are required to provide a decommissioning security report as part of the project’s Development Application.\",\"ai_summary\":\"Project communications describe decommissioning or renewal after planned operational life, owner responsibility for decommissioning costs, and a required decommissioning security report.\"},{\"field_name\":\"project_status_and_schedule\",\"value_text\":\"Detailed planning; expected construction commencement 2028 and completion 2030\",\"value_numeric\":null,\"unit\":null,\"source_url\":\"https://infrastructurepipeline.org/project/ben-bullen-wind-farm\",\"source_title\":\"Ben Bullen Wind Farm - Infrastructure Pipeline\",\"publisher\":\"Infrastructure Partnerships Australia / ANZIP\",\"published_date\":null,\"confidence\":\"medium\",\"raw_excerpt\":\"PROJECT STATUS Detailed Planning ... Key Dates Jan 2025 Project Announcement; 2028 Expected Construction Commencement; 2030 Expected Construction Completion.\",\"ai_summary\":\"Infrastructure Pipeline indicates the project is in detailed planning, with construction expected to start in 2028 and complete in 2030.\"}],\"warnings\":[\"No Ben Bullen BESS-specific capex, O&M, supplier, EPC, financing, augmentation or offtake/charging-cost data was found in public sources; financial fields are benchmark estimates, not reported project values.\",\"Capacity conflict: NSW Planning Portal and Infrastructure Pipeline list the BESS as 200 MW / 800 MWh, but the February 2025 SEARs PDF contains a likely erroneous line stating 200 MW / 9000 MWh. This extraction follows the user-provided 200 MW / 800 MWh and the Planning Portal/Infrastructure Pipeline values.\",\"Owner/developer conflict or transition: NSW SEARs list Tetris Energy Pty Ltd as proponent, while current project materials state Alinta Energy is developing the project. The owner field is therefore shown as Tetris Energy / Alinta Energy.\",\"Capex estimate is based on co-located 200 MW / 800 MWh BESS benchmark costs from Aurecon for AEMO and includes AUD 10 million land/development cost; it does not include any undisclosed project-specific network augmentation, financing, contingency, biodiversity offsets, tax, insurance, augmentation/replacement strategy or owner-specific costs unless captured in the benchmark.\",\"Efficiency_pct is battery round-trip efficiency at beginning of life, not thermal efficiency. Heat rate is not applicable.\",\"Emissions intensity is direct/regulatory treatment for BESS as zero; it does not include embodied emissions or emissions associated with charging energy from the grid.\"]}"
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